European Currency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

European Currency - Essay Example To reflect on the future of the European currency, it is necessary to consider first steps to the European Monetary Union; the reasons of occurrence, problems of creation and functioning of new model of the European currency system. "In its 1990 White Paper, the European Commission argued that deeper economic links would be a major goal of EMU, and many observers accept the view that the elimination of exchange rate risk and the lowering of transaction costs will indeed deliver more integration" (Wyplosz, 2001: 9). It is necessary to understand what we should expect from euro in the future, whether it can make a competition to dollar in the world currency markets, and may be even to replace it as a reserve currency in many countries. Interest to the given questions is caused by the point that introduction of new currency has no analogues not only in the Europe, but also all over the world. The given event needs to be considered as movement aside bipolar world currency system that creates preconditions for redistribution of forces on a global scale. On January, 1st, 1999 within the limits of the European union (EU) are created the European Economic and Monetary Union and the uniform currency for the member-states of European Economic and Monetary Union named euro, which during the certain period of time has replaced national currencies of the corresponding countries. This event is natural, rather important and in the certain sense the closing stage in the development of the West-European integration process, the beginning to which was put with the Treaty of Rome signed on March, 25th, 1957 on creation of the European Economic Community ("the Common Market") in structure of six countries: France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Since then the process of integration in the Europe, despite of considerable difficulties and contradictions in general successfully developed as in breadth (with 6 up to 15 countries), and in depth (in direction to an overall objective - to formation of uniform economic space, in wh ich it would be carried out, irrespective of national borders, free movement of the goods, capitals and people, and in which would operate equal for all subjects of economic activities conditions of competition). The principle of the Common Market, on which the European Economic Community was based, assumes for the free movement of the goods and the capital if not the general currency, but at least significant stability of rates of exchange. Instability of rates of exchange did conditions of competition uncertain and for this reason destabilized trade relations. Besides, stabilization of rates of exchange is necessary for coordination of economic policy of the Union member-states. EMU, the decision on which creation was accepted on December, 5th 1978 has started to operate on March, 13th, 1979. It included Germany, France, Holland, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, and the Great Britain, Italy, Greece, Spain, Portugal and Luxembourg have joined later. EMU establishes the base for measuring costs, intended to become money - European Currency Unit (ECU), and a system of stable, but ordered rates of exchange between the countries of European Economic Community. "The rapid development of the ECU in private markets had been a surprise. By March 1986, European banks held ECU assets worth 61 billion and ECU bonds of 7 billion. Private banks also had established a

Traditional Japan In Spirited Away

Traditional Japan In Spirited Away The protagonist of the film, Chihiro, has lived a pampered life in the city and is naive and unprepared for adulthood. Her parents are portrayed as greedy and irresponsible in the symbol of the credit card wielding father turning into an overindulgent hog. (Broderick, 2003) The spirit world that she unknowingly enters represents the Taisho period of Japanese history (around 1912 to 1926), a popular setting in Anime, but of particular personal significance to Miyazaki. (Yoshioka, 2008) Childhood memories have influenced his use of this time which does not simply create a feeling of nostalgia, but, as Yoshioka says, merges personal experience into a larger sense of past. (Yoshioka, 2008: p.257) The aspects of traditional Japan displayed in the film vary from the extravagant grandeur of the bathhouse to the simple, yet quaint wooden houses and shops in the spirit town. The bathhouse even includes sliding paper doors and massive ornate Satsuma-ware vases all representative of a prosperous location in Japan during the 1920s. It serves to act as an opposition to the modern character of Chihiro upon who the traditional aspects of Japanese society are lost. (Denison, 2007) Denison writes that the bathhouse holds valuable lessons for modern (Japanese) society, including, not allowing such a healthy eclectic heritage disappear in a culture obsessed with the furthering of technology as well as keeping the Japanese youth educated about their roots and heritage. Some of the major characters in the film also incorporate aspects of traditional Japanese folklore. Spirits have been featured as characters in many ancient Japanese folk tales, generally influenced by the two major religions Shinto and Buddhism. The ancient River Spirit which Chihiro helps to clean appears to have a face which resembles a Japanese Noh theatre mask. Another theatrical mask is also featured on the character of No-Face. The film also alludes to the practicing of religion in Japan and the ignorance of the youth towards it. In a scene at the beginning of the film Chihiro does not recognise some Shinto shrines and her mother explains their role yet it is evident that she does not consider them important saying some people think little spirits live there. (Spirited Away, 2001) It is evident from Miyazakis films as a whole that the spirituality is a common and often prominent theme, particularly, but not exclusively, among his films aimed at children. Certain themes recur in Miyazakis films. In Spirited Away many of these appear such as childhood, materialism and most notably environmentalism. The story of the spirit Haku links to the arguments mentioned so far about the portrayal of tradition. The disappearance of Hakus home the Kohaku River due to materialism has led to his forgetting of the past and even his name alluding to the real possibility of people in Japan being so focused on the future they forget elements of their past, in this case an ancient river paved over to build apartments. (Osmond, 2008) Other Miyazaki films have also included the relationship between the spirits or gods and humans, mainly about the difficulty of the two living in harmony. Princess Mononoke (1997), Ponyo (2008) and My Neighbour Totoro (1988) are examples of this with each also carrying the theme of environmentalism. All of the points mentioned so far have reinforced that the world featured within Spirited Away shows a traditional, typically Japanese culture which aims to critique modern Japanese society as well as educate the films young target audience about the importance of tradition. Thanks to Disneys worldwide distribution deal with Miyazakis production company Studio Ghibli, the market for anime has been expanded so hugely that theres a now global awareness of not only modern and pseudo-futuristic Japan but also heightened understanding of Japanese tradition; fans (are) engaged with the cultural origins of anime texts. (Cubbison, 2005: p.45) This market has been so developed that anime now seems to cater specifically for the international market within its films. The complex identities of Miyazakis characters, such as Haku or Yubaba in Spirited Away are, according to Denison, created to appeal to a Hollywood-saturated world market. These characters employ a number of traits not inherently Japanese. Also, some aspects of the architecture and artwork featured in the film are not typically Japanese but contain elements of Western styles. An example of this can be found in the small thatched cottage owned by Zeniba, the kind twin sister of the unpleasant witch Yubaba, the owner of the aforementioned bathhouse. The Anime film industry has varying takes on the issue of tradition, but Miyazaki has taken on the issue whole heartedly in his films. Miyazakis idea of the identity of the Japanese person, along with his concept of the loss of traditional culture in the technological Mecca of contemporary Japanese society, has proved significant in the visual appeal of his films as well as their artistic value. Not only does he reference parts of culture such as art, architecture and religion, but also references traditional theatre and behaviour (such as the removal of shoes before entering a house). Despite the fact that Miyazakis uses some hybridity with other cultures in his portrayal of tradition, the fundamental Japaneseness of Spirited Away is clear and irrefutable. 1030 words References Broderick, M. 2003. Spirited Away by Miyazakis Fantasy. Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific [online] 9 August. Available from: http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue9/broderick_review.html [Accessed March 4 2010]. Cubbison, L. 2005. Anime Fans, DVDs, and the Authentic Text. The Velvet Light Trap. 56 Autumn, pp.45-57. Denison, R. 2007. The Global Markets For Anime: Miyazaki Hayaos Spirited Away. In: Phillips, A. Stringer, J. 2007. Japanese cinema: texts and contexts. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, pp.308-320. Napier, S. J. 2001. Why Anime? In: Napier, S. J. 2001. Anime from Akira to Princess Mononoke: experiencing contemporary Japanese animation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.3-14. Osmond, A. 2008. Being Spirited Away. In: Osmond, A. 2008. Spirited Away. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.7-15. Spirited Away. 2001. Directed by Hayao Miyazaki. London: Optimum [DVD]. Yoshioka, S. 2008. Heart of Japaneseness, History and Nostalgia in Hayao Miyazakis Spirited Away. In: MacWilliams, M. W. 2008. Japanese Visual Culture: Explorations in the World of Manga and Anime. New York: M.E. Sharpe.

Heart of Darkness - How Do We Encounter Ourselves in the Modern Society

While I was reading the short story â€Å"Heart of Darkness,† by Joseph Conrad, I recalled an essay I read back in Korea, titled â€Å"Why Do We Read Novels.† The writer of the essay states that the most common reason why we, as people, read novels is that it makes us ask ourselves how the justice or injustice of the real world relates to that of the author’s words. In this way, the short story â€Å"Heart of Darkness† portrays the experiences and thoughts of Conrad through the tale of two important characters, Marlow and Mr. Kurtz. His work forces the reader to ponder questions of the morality, humanity, and insanity which takes place in our human lives. The story is a record of Marlow’s journey to meeting Mr. Kurtz, a morally corrupted being who is a symbolic representation of the darkness and wilderness of the African jungle. It is necessary to pay close attention to the process of Marlow’s journey and meeting with Mr. Kurtz in order to understand the meaning of what he learned from discovering himself and how this relates to our modern world. Unlike other white men who went into the Congo River for unmoral or materialistic reasons, such as to Christianize the natives or to get rich by exploiting all the ivories in the jungle, Marlow does not feel right about how the Imperialistic European countries exploit of the rest of the world. This is shown very clearly when Marlow says â€Å"This devoted band called itself the Eldorado Exploring Expedition, and I believe they were sworn to secrecy. Their talk, however, was the talk of sordid buccaneers: it was reckless without hardihood, greedy without audacity, and cruel without courage, there was not an atom of fore-sight or of serious intention in the whole batch of them, and they did not seem aware ... ... jungles of the Congo or on the civilized streets of London. I feel strongly that one of the reasons why Conrad wrote this novella is to encourage us to ask ourselves about how we encounter ourselves in the contemporary society. He must have felt that people during his time indulged in imperialism, which prevented them from reflecting on themselves. Consequently, there are many evidences in the text that show his cynical view of imperialism. For example, Marlow describes the French army’s firing into a continent as â€Å"a feeble screech† (P.275), implying the author’s pessimistic view towards imperialism. In this way, the people in the modern society indulge in modern things that prevent us from reflecting on ourselves, such as mass media, the internet, etc. Conrad once said â€Å"Facing it, always facing it, that's the way to get through. Face it.† Are we facing ourselves?

Biotechnology Opportunities In Canada Environmental Sciences Essay

The Canada has witnessed extraordinary progresss in scientific discipline over the last few decennaries. Biotechnology – one such country of growing – is a term covering a wide scope of scientific activities used in many sectors, such as nutrient, wellness and agribusiness. It involves the usage of life beings or parts of life beings to supply new methods of production and the devising of new merchandise, because Canada is an industrial state with a extremely developed scientific discipline and engineering sector. Almost 1.88 % of Canada ‘s GDP is allocated to research & A ; development ( R & A ; D ) . The state has 18 Nobel laureates in natural philosophies, chemical science and medical specialty. Canada has a wealth of natural resources, which can be subjugated by biotechnology. These resources range from the Northern Canada to immense measures of cultivable land. Opportunities exist for biotechnology to use these resources in countries such as health care, agri business and biofuels. The use of biotechnology in this manner has vast socio-economic benefits for the state and may restrain its growing for several old ages to come. The expansive sum of the annual optimistic economic influence of renewable fuels is $ 2.013 billion. In Canada that there was chief net income from renewable fuels in â€Å" rural revival, improved oil exports from western Canada, industrial growing, and cherished option for re-balancing fuel ‘mix ‘ . Canada is a state rich in natural resources of several different signifiers, assortments from the northern Canada to its immense country of arable land with significant mineral resources. There are assorted chances for the use of biotechnology to utilize these resources on together big with little graduated tables. The usage of GM harvests may be used in the bally agribusiness industry to better output with lessening the require for weedkillers, even as on the minor graduated table, canola oil is a promising resource for developing biodiesel, a renewable replacement to fossil fuels in Canada. Canada is one of the some developed states that are exporters of energy. Atlantic Canada has immense offshore sedimentations of natural gas, with Alberta has large oil and gas resources. The tremendous Athabasca Oil Sands provide Canada the universe ‘s 2nd largest oil militias, after Saudi Arabia. The Canadian economic system is conquered by the industries, which employ about 3 quarters of Canadians. Canada is uneven between developed states in the significance of its primary sector, in which the logging with crude oil industries are two of the mainly important. Canada is one of the universe ‘s chief providers of agricultural output ; the Canadian Prairies are one of the chiefly of import manufacturers of wheat, canola, and excess grains. Canada is the chief manufacturer of Zn and U, besides is a planetary resource of legion other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminium, with lead. Numerous towns in northern Canada, where agribusiness is tough, are sustainable as of nearby mines or resource of lumber.AgribusinessCanadian farms, piscaries with spreads produce a wide diverseness of harvests, farm animal, nutrient, provender, fibre, fuel plus other goods by the orderly elevation of workss and animate beings which are dependent upon the geographics of the state. In 2001 farms numbered merely 246,923 at a size of 676A estates ( 2.74A kmA? ) as the production of nutrient and fibre for human or farm animal nutriment has evolved into intensive and industrial patterns. As of 2002, wheat constituted the largest harvest country at 12.6 % . Canadian husbandmans received a record $ 36.3 billion in 2001 from farm animal, harvest gross revenues and plan payments. In 2001, the accumulated net income of farm operators from farm production amounted to 1,633 million dollars, which amounts to 0.147 % of Canada ‘s gross domestic merchandise at market monetary values, which is 1,108,200 million dollars. Fisheries are besides playing an of import function while forestry plays a secondary function. Canada ‘s development has abandoned subsistence techniques and now sees a mere 3 % of Canada ‘s population employed as a mechanised industrial husbandman who are able provender the remainder of the state ‘s population of 30,689.0 thousand people ( 2001 ) every bit good as export to foreign markets. ( After the EU ( 27 ) , the U.S. and Brazil, Canada accounts for 3.5 % of entire universe agribusiness and agri-food exports. World Agricultural and Agri-food Export Share by Country of Origin, 2006 Once considered a sphere harvest in Canada, canola ( Brassica Tragulus Javanicus ) has presently evolved into a first hard currency harvest. Per annum, Canada exports 3.4 million metric dozenss of seeds, 706,000 dozenss of canola oil with 1.15 million dozenss of canola repast ( Source-Canola Council of Canada 2008 ) The Production with Price influence of Biotech Corn, Canola, plus Soybean Crops in Biotech harvests have at this clip been adult commercially on a considerable worldwide graduated table of all time since 1996 in Canada. There is a survey traveling on the influence on cosmopolitan production, ingestion, trade, and monetary values in the soya bean, canola, and maize sectors. The survey propose that universe monetary values of maize, soya beans, with canola would most probably be, correspondingly, 5.8 % , 9.6 % , plus 3.8 % higher, on norm, than 2007 baseline tallness if this engineering was no longer accessible to husbandmans. Monetary values of agencies imitative of soya beans ( repast with oil ) would every bit good be among 5 % and 9 % elevated, with rapeseed repast with oil monetary values being refering 4 % higher than baseline tallness. Globe monetary values of affiliated cereals plus oil-rich seeds would excessively be likely to be elevated by 3 % to 4 % . ( All figures & A ; facts from-Brookes, Graham ; Yu, Tun Hsian ; Tokgoz, Simla, Elobeid, Aman The Production and Price Impact of Biotech Corn, Canola, and Soybean Crop Agbioforum Contents of volume 13, figure 1 ) Canada ‘s canola concerns add up over $ 11 billion in economic action to the Canadian wealth. In the 5crop old ages initial in 2000-2001, Canada shaped a criterion of 6.2 million dozenss of canola seed /year. In the similar period, Canada annually exported 3.4 million dozenss of canola seeds, 706,000 dozenss of canola oil plus 1.15 million dozenss of canola nutrient. The whole worth of canola seed, oil with repast exports is sing $ 2 billion. Depending lying on the twelvemonth, canola is furthermore Canada ‘s first or else 2nd chiefly cherished grassland harvest. Further than 52,000 Canadian husbandmans produce canola ; produce economic motion of $ 1.4 billion in Ontario with Quebec, plus $ 7.5 billion in western Canada. Canola is every bit good adult in the north cardinal plus southeasterly United States. Canola-based bio Diesel concerns within Canada base for the opportunity to bring forth $ 620 million in capital investing in this state plus infix an excess $ 2.4 billion keen on the economic system per annum. FIGURE 2 ( SOURCE-IMAGE-www.canolainfo.org )Main canola-based bio Diesel provider:Blue Sun Bio Diesel Canadian Bio energy Corporation Milligan Bio-Tech Inc Bio Fuel Canada Limited During December 2006 the cardinal authorities proclaim clasp of a countrywide renewable fuel program mission for a 5 % renewable fuel norm in every Canadian fuel, every bit good as a 2 % permission for renewable within Diesel through 2012.Canada ‘s canola agriculturists are complete to construct a Canadian biodiesel concern occur now. More than the past 40 old ages they have construct the canola industry get downing the place up to a $ 14 billion-a-year concern in Canada, plus international clients are by now looking for Canadian canola as an attractive feedstockGM CROPSIn twelvemonth 2004, the united States have refering 9 times the figure of hectares of GM harvests than Canada. This is perchance non amazing, because the United States has well excess farming area than Canada. Though, it is value observing to because 1997, Canada have improved the figure of square hectares faithful to GM harvests through sing four epoch contrast to United States, which has full-grown its devote d part through refering six times. Canada is at rest tierce in the Earth in whole figure of hectares of GM harvests, following the United States plus Argentina. Chart 3 ( Source-Trefor Munn-Venn and Paul Mitchell, Biotechnology in Canada: A Technology Platform for Growth Report December 2005. ) Accessible statistics propose that Canada has the chiefly developed biofood-processing part, by the chief grosss ( $ 1.3 billion in 2003 ) , most figure of house ( 54 ) , highest investing in R & A ; D ( $ 23 million in 2003 ) plus the chiefly employees ( 761 ) . This is individual country anyplace the excess higher statistics assortment ability of figures Canada differentiate Canada from the remainder of the Earth. It is clear that there is immense chance for biotechnology in agribusiness in the coming old ages. The acceptance of more GM harvests will heighten the increasing possible output brought approximately by the use of a immense country of new land, which could potentially make an excess 100 million hectares, fuelled by the continued demand from strong domestic and international markets, peculiarly from China. In order for the immense potency for biotechnology in agribusiness to be realized in Canada certain barriers must be overcome one such issue is whether the acceptance of GM harvests is more economical to the smaller scale manufacturer, every bit good as to big GM harvest bring forthing corporations. It is clear that there is immense chance for biotechnology in agribusiness in the coming old ages. The acceptance of more GM harvests will heighten the increasing possible output brought approximately by the use of a immense country of new land, which could potentially make an excess 100 million hectares, fuelled by the continued demand from strong domestic and international markets, peculiarly from China, who confirmed soybean importing for five old ages from 2008, deserving 25 % of the US $ 1.7 billion worth of entire exports to China each twelvemonth [ James, 2008 ] . Canada histories for further than half of universe trade in canola seed, repast, with oil. Canadian manufacturers continue to spread out canola country and production. Demand scenario expression strong due to developing usage of vegetable oils in China and India with canola-oil-based biodiesel usage in the EU. The Canadian suppression industry is increasing fast to keep increased insist for canola oil. In the following 2 old ages, farther than 1.5 million metric dozenss of canola oppressing capacity is predictable to be develop in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Several of the increased canola oil could be used to bring forth biodiesel. Canada controls the universe canola export trade, with a market portion of 71 per cent in the three old ages to 2005-06. Although GM assortments comprise 79 per cent of Canada ‘s canola production, virtually all of the state ‘s export canola is considered to be GM because there is no segregation of GM and non-GM harvests. This did non halt its exports making record degrees in 2006.Biobased economic systemCanada ‘s biobased economic system with its chief constituents ( Figure 4 ) , one sees a mix of all four biobased economic system major sub- sectors. Lead through the wellness, medical specialty, with pharmaceutical subdivision, it is followed through agribusiness and harvest production. Canada ‘s crop-production division GDP is about $ 14.7 billion, by 17.3 million estates of genetically modified harvests out of 74.6 million entire estates of chief cropland. Canadian husbandmans, manufacturers, with clients are on mean therefore in a superior place to reap the returns linked with the credence of following coevals industrial biotech procedures, including biofuels along with biorefining procedures. The utilize of GMOs is opening the door to industrial biotechnology addition in these developing economic systems, all through, for illustration, chance to make biofuel feedstock ‘s and to use in biorefining, with production of higher-yield besides higher-value harvests.BIOFUELCanada look like the US in its market-oriented economic system, sample of production, and affluent life criterions. Development of the fabrication, excavation, and service sectors has changed the state from a chiefly rural economic system into an industrial, metropolitan economic system. Canada ‘s GDP in 2006 was about $ 1.18 trillion ( a‚ ¬0.8 trillion ) . Canada is a state wealthy in fossil fuel resources. In 2000, 39 % of Canada ‘s chief energy was from crude oil, 28 % from natural gas besides 13 % from coal. 11 % was by renewable hydropower, and merely 6 % from renewable biomass. Forecast for the following twosome of decennaries are for a biomass portion of 6-9 % . As given in Fig 5, 28 % of bring forthing ability from renewable resources by biomass. Bioenergy production semen from a wide scope of beginnings: common heat and power, gasification, pyrolysis, landfill gas, ethyl alcohol from grain besides cellulose.Biomass ResourcesWoody Biomass Forest biomass may be by and large divided into 2 group ; mill residue plus forest residue tops, subdivisions and foliages from crop with thinning operations that are left in the wood or at wayside after delimbing. In Ontario, a bark boiler undertaking at the Abitibi-Bowater mush & A ; paper factory in Ft. Frances is presently below building. It plans to devour about 230,000 ODt of factory residues.Agricultural ResiduesFarmlands occupy 67.5 M hour angle ( million hectares ) in Canada, approximately 6.7 % of the whole land base. Crops are grown-up on 36.4 M hour angle, or 54 % of farming area. Agricultural activity produces 1000000s of metric tons of biomass annually, which may be classified as: virgin biom ass- grown for energy, besides waste biomass- residuary fraction of primary crop, and farm animal wastes. . Residues recoverable and sustainably removable were predictable at 29.3 Odt yearly, though some of this goes to conventional utilizations such as carnal bedclothes and mulching.Ethanol FeedstockIn Canada 70 % of ethyl alcohol is complete by maize in Eastern Canada, with 30 % is by from wheat in Western Canada. Ontario is the major corn-producing part in Canada, and soon 60 % of Canadian ethanol industry is in Ontario. . An expected 8.4 million metric tons of maize were usage for nutrient and 635,000 metric tons were used for ethyl alcohol. To piece the feedstock supply necessary through the ethyl alcohol workss working in 2009, 2.9 million metric tons maize may be desired.Biodiesel FeedstockA 2 % federal biodiesel mandate may change the feedstock attitude for biodiesel. In 2007 feedstocks for biodiesel constitutional 35 million liters of carnal fats with 18 million liters of i mported thenar oil. Plentiful canola and soya beans may be used, but these harvests are priced as nutrient oils in planetary markets and bear a high monetary value. Canola is in high bid as healthy oil through the nutrient industry. Rendered oils, rendered carnal fats and palm oil are monetary value as provender and fabrication usage and bear a lower monetary value. Industry beginnings have expected that the 250 million liters of biodiesel require by the mandate in 2012 may be manufactured from family animate being fats, and 250 million liters by imported thenar oil, separating canola and soya bean oil for nutrient. 2004 Canada had 78.9 GW of ability from renewable beginning. 67 % was from conventional hydro, 23 % was from small- impact ( little ) hydro, and 9.4 % was from biomass. Of biomass capacity, approximately 26 % ( 1938 MW ) was electrical and 76 % ( 5454 MW ) was thermic. The industry of a whole of 2.25 billion liters of renewable fuels annually. A net annual economic net income of $ 1.473 billion to the Canadian economic system crossways Canada, numbering $ 14.1 million to municipal authoritiess, $ 108.8 million to regional authoritiess, and $ 111.8 million to the cardinal authorities. An predictable annual benefit of $ 540 million in excess oil exports that are likely as of western Canada biofuels manufacture.The ethyl alcohol and biodiesel industry inside Canada produce about $ 2.2 billion a twelvemonth. The workss produced 14,000 occupations, and every the workss may keep about 1,000 stable occupations.HealthWith a 9 % annual growing rate, Canada is the 3rd highest lifting market in the universe for pharmaceuticals. The sector net income from Canada ‘s booming biotechnology industry that gives fuels to pharmaceutical companies ‘ growing. Include to these advantages well-educated employees with really trained scientists and technicians, every bit good as business-friendly direction policies, and it ‘s non amazing that about every chief pharmaceutical company has developed and/or R & A ; D operation in Canada.latest Investing within CANADACharles River Laboratories International, of Massachusetts, may open a presymptomatic services service in Quebec in 2009, which is eventually likely to use 1,000 people. Sanofi Pasteur spended $ 100 million in a fresh R & A ; D ability in Ontario in 2008. GlaxoSmithKline invested excess than $ 178 million in Canadian R & A ; D in 2007 entirely. Sandoz, a divider of the Novartis Group, open a fabrication works in Quebec in 2008, division of its $ 80 million investing publicize in 2007. Boehringer Ingelheim finished a $ 36 million investing in novel, advanced research labs in Quebec during 2008. Canada plays a chief function in the world-wide biopharmaceutical industry, with specific power in research and development ( R & A ; D ) , clinical tests with fabrication. All of the acme 10 international pharmaceutical companies, in conditions of grosss, have operations in Canada, legion with R & A ; D and fabricating mandate. In 2007, world-wide biopharmaceutical gross revenues amounted to US $ 663.5 billion. That similar twelvemonth, the Canadian biopharmaceuticals sector witnessed gross revenues of $ 17.6 billion and exports of about $ 6.3 billion. About 80 per centum of these exports were control to the U.S. market. In 2007, Canada was domicile to 397 pharmaceutical with 404-biotechnology organisation, using about 29,000 people crossways the state. Canada has the 2nd top figure of biotechnology companies in the Earth and is home to several of the largest recognized bunchs in the pharmaceutical industry. Authorized counts of constitutions classified as pharmaceutical industrialized. Below chart explain Toronto and Montreal compare healthy to Jersey City, New Jersey, one of the chiefly celebrated pharmaceutical industry base inside North America.ChapterDecisionBiotechnology has been described as a Canadian chief concern in visible radiation of its acknowledgment for possible to drive sustainable growing. This is chiefly due to its immense influence on the ways in which natural resources may be exploited and the properties on the environment. The sheer wealth of different natural resources at Canadians remotion may surely drive its growing for old ages to come provided that such resources are used responsibly. Biotechnology might hold a immense influence on the health care sector throughout the usage of biodiversity form the chief Canadian rain forest as a natural resource. This mostly unknown resource might supply tremendous benefits for the wellness industry and economic system of Canadian for old ages to come ought to it be found to include new drug campaigners between its tremendous biodiversity. Net income of biotechnology in the agribusiness industry are antecedently being seen and may keep to cultivate as Canada extra exploits its immense land country, lifting its exports of chief harvests such as canola, turning GDP, whilst supplying farther nutrient besides generate more occupations for many biotechnology alumnuss. The utilize of biotechnology in the Biofuel/biodiesel industry together generates a renewable, sensible beginning of energy, whilst cut downing the influence on the environment signifier the combustion of fossil fuels. Even as the feeling on the usage of natural resources itself is profound, this industry besides has immense economical deduction for Canada, which has traditionally relied on imports for the size of its energy demands, plus hence progress energy security. Further industries such as biomining may besides play a function in the development of Canada in the upcoming by heightening the ability to work the valuable metals present at that place. Canada seems to be a typical illustration of how the development of natural resources utilizing biotechnology can be used to significantly drive the growing and development of the state, and it may merely be a affair of clip before Canada is considered developed, sing the renewable resources at its disposal, and the procedures in topographic point to work them. The economic influence of Canadian renewable fuel workss, with the effects is incontestable ; ethyl alcohol and biodiesel in Canada are driving growing. Canada ‘s latest renewable fuel criterion is presenting on its assure of occupations, investing plus growing.

Chocolate in the Ivory Coast

In countries like Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, and Mali children are sent away from their families to cocoa farms in exchange for promised money and other useful items for their family. Families will â€Å"send their children to work†, or basically sell, them for promised goods that are usually never received. Even though it is not slavery, there are still many moral problems with the cocoa farming. The children work long hours, in dangerous conditions, for usually nothing more than a bed to sleep in and minimal food to eat.Children from these poor countries are sent to The Ivory Coast in search of skills that will help them in life or help their family, but most of the time they are just taken advantage of. Cocoa farming in The Ivory coast is morally and ethically wrong because the children are taken advantage of and they are forced into a type of â€Å"slavery† The children that are taken from countries like Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, and Mali are severely taken advanta ge of for many reasons.First of all, they are promised goods in exchange for their service that most of the time are not delivered or provided. Most of the time these services are just ploys to take these children into â€Å"slavery†. Most children go to work at the farms under the impression that they will learn skills or jobs that they can use to help their family. Most of the time the only skill they learn is how to pick and cut open cocoa beans.As well as being taken advantage of, the children are also forced into hard work that is only slightly different from slave labor. The hours are horribly long, and they rarely get breaks so they basically work all day. The conditions are dangerous, as the children are using sharp machetes in dense fields, and can often cut themselves or other workers. They are not paid, but work only for a bed to sleep in and a small amount of food.It is also seldom to find children that leave the farms because they do not know where to go or what to do. The small food and bed they get is better than starving on the streets for many of them. To conclude, the process of using child labor to farm cocoa in the ivory coast is a very labor intensive and dangerous process that children should not be doing. Families send their children to work at the farms and most of the time the children do not leave. This process violates several moral and ethical standards, and needs to be changed.

Michelangelo Buonarroti Biography and Artwork

Michelangelo Buonarroti Biography and Artwork The Basics: Michelangelo Buonarroti was arguably the most famous artist of the High to Late Italian Renaissance, and inarguably one of the greatest artists of all time along with fellow Renaissance men Leonardo DiVinci and Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio). He considered himself a sculptor, primarily, but is equally well known for the paintings he was induced (grudgingly) to create. He was also an architect and an amateur poet. Early Life: Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese (near Florence) in Tuscany. He was motherless by the age of six and fought long and hard with his father for permission to apprentice as an artist. At the age of 12, he began studying under Domenico Ghirlandajo, who was the most fashionable painter in Florence at the time. Fashionable, but extremely jealous of Michelangelos emerging talent. Ghirlandajo passed the lad off to be apprenticed to a sculptor named Bertoldo di Giovanni. Here Michelangelo found the work that became his true passion. His sculpture came to the attention of the most powerful family in Florence, the Medici, and he gained their patronage. His Art: Michelangelos output was, quite simply, stunning, in quality, quantity, and scale. His most famous statues include the 18-foot David (1501-1504) and the (1499), which were both completed before he turned 30. His other sculpture pieces included elaborately decorated tombs. He did not consider himself a painter, and (justifiably) complained throughout four straight years of the work, but Michelangelo created one of the greatest masterpieces of all time on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-1512). Additionally, he painted The Last Judgement (1534-1541) on the altar wall of the same chapel many years later. Both frescoes helped Michelangelo earn the nickname Il Divino or The Divine One. As an old man, he was tapped by the Pope to complete the half-finished St. Peters Basilica in the Vatican. Not all of the plans he drew were utilized but, after his death, architects built the dome still in use today. His poetry was very personal and not as grand as his other works, yet is of great value to those who wish to know Michelangelo. Accounts of his life seem to portray Michelangelo as a prickly-tempered, mistrusting and lonely man, lacking in both interpersonal skills and confidence in his physical appearance. Perhaps that is why he created works of such heartbreaking beauty and heroism that they are still held in awe these many centuries later. Michelangelo died in Rome on February 18, 1564, at the age of 88. Famous Quote: Genius is eternal patience.

genetic essays

genetic essays To find out the distribution patterns and the variation between the quadrates of the Sagebrush population (Artemisia tridentate), the quadrates was divided into six and the population was being counted in the radius of 10 meter for each quadrates. For the Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria genistifolia) one meter radius was being used to count the population size for each quadrates. It is difficult to determine if the Sagebrush plant was growing under one root or a separate root. It could be one plant or mistakenly counted for two plants when growing under the same root. This is because the Sagebrush species has branches growing from one root (trunk). Aggregated distribution pattern is normally found within this species. Resources, climate condition, soil types might play a big role in this distribution pattern. The texture of the soil must be good enough for the species. Amount of water each year must be the same perhaps? And nutrient is also a big factor in the role here. Some area contains lots of nutrients that are needed by the species and other areas do not contain any, thus distribution pattern might differ. Sagebrush plants usually require areas with deep soils, dry Big Sagebrush has clumped distribution according to the calculations (see Appendix A). Dalmatian Toadflax also appears to have a clumped distribution (see Appendix A). The graph below shows the average numbers of population of the Sagebrush and Dalmatian Toadflax. Each are measured in six different transects. ...

Expressing Preferences with Would Rather

Expressing Preferences with Would Rather Both  would rather and would prefer  are  used to express preferences in English.  Here are some examples of short conversations that use would rather  and would prefer  to either state or ask for a preference. John: Lets go out tonight.Mary: Thats a good idea.John: How about going to a film? Theres a new film out with Tom Hanks.Mary: Id rather go out for dinner. Im hungry!John: Okay. Which restaurant would you prefer?Mary: Id prefer to eat at Johnnys. They serve great steaks. Sue: Im not sure which topic to choose for my essay.Debby: Well, what are your choices?Sue: I can write about the economy or about a book.Debby: Which would you rather write about?Sue: Id prefer to write about a book.Debby: How about Moby Dick?Sue: No, Id rather write about Timothys Gift. Would Rather - Structure Use  would rather  plus the simple form of the verb. Its common to use would rather in the shortened Id rather form in positive statements. Use  Would rather  to refer to the present moment or a future moment in time. Here are the structures: Positive Subject would rather (d rather) verb Peterd rather spend time on the beach.I would rather learn a new language than study math. Question Would subject rather verb   Would you rather stay at home?Would they rather do homework tomorrow morning? Negative Subject would rather (d rather)   not   verb   Shed rather not go to class today.Id rather not answer that question. Would Rather Than Would rather is often used with than  when making a choice between two specific actions: Would you rather eat dinner out than cook dinner tonight?She would rather play tennis than go horseback riding. Would Rather Or Would rather  can also be used to ask for a choice between two with the conjunction  or: Would you rather eat here or go out?Would you rather study or watch TV? Would Rather Someone Do Would rather is also used to express what one person prefers another person would do. The structure is similar to the unreal conditional because it expresses an imaginary wish. However, the form is also used to ask a polite question. S would rather Person past verb   Tom would rather Mary bought an SUV.Would you rather she stayed here with us? Positive Subject would rather (d rather) object past tense I would rather my son worked in finance.Susan would rather Peter took a plane. Question Would subject rather object past tense Would you rather her sister flew home tomorrow?Would you rather he came with us to the meeting? Would Prefer Its also possible to use  would prefer  instead of  would rather  to speak about present preferences.  In this case, follow prefer by the infinitive form of the verb: Positive Subject would prefer (d prefer) infinitive (to do) Jennifer would prefer to stay at home tonight.The teacherd prefer to have the test next week. Question Would subject prefer   infinitive (to do) Would you prefer to go out for dinner tonight?Would they prefer to stay in New York for the week? Expressing Preferences with Prefer Use the simple present with  prefer  to express general preferences between people, places or objects. Use the preposition  to  to state your preference: Positive Subject prefer   object to object She prefers coffee to tea.  I prefer summer vacations to winter vacations.   Question Do subject prefer   Ã‚  object to object Do you prefer wine to beer?Does she prefer New York to Chicago? When stating preferences for activities, use  prefer  followed by either the gerund or the infinitive form of the verb:   Positive Subject prefer  Ã‚  to do / doing object My friend prefers to finish his chores early in the morning.  Jack prefers doing his homework at home to doing it in the library. Question Do subject prefer   to do / doing object When do you prefer staying at home to going out at night?Does she prefer to eat in restaurants? Preferences Quiz I Fill in the gap with the correct form of the verb (do, to do, doing, did): Jenniferd rather _____ (stay) home for dinner tonight.I think Id prefer _______ (play) chess  today.Would you rather I _____ (leave) you alone?Id rather the students _____ (study) for their test.Peter prefers _____ (relax) at home on the weekend. Preferences Quiz II Fill in the gap with  to, than, or: Do you prefer coffee _____ tea?I think Id prefer _____ drive to California.  Would you rather go to the club _____ go to the beach? (asking for a choice)Hed rather work all day _____ go to the beach! (make a specific choice)My friend prefers Japanese food _____ American food. Quiz Answers Quiz I stayto play  leftstudyrelaxing / to relax Quiz II totoorthanto

Willa Cather Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Willa Cather - Research Paper Example This isolation deprives him the sound of his violin, understanding of his son and keeps him away from his homeland. This deprivation makes Peter feel that suicide is the only solution to his desperation (Willa Cather 11). In Cather’s story, Peter was an immigrant from Bohemia who had settled with his wife and son Anton in Nebraska. Peter was one time a second violist in a Prague theatre, which makes him unable to forget the good days he had at the theatre. He recalled how he used to wear a coat every evening and always had enough alcohol to drink. Later, while still working as a violinist, his bowing arm became partially disabled due to stroke paralysis. This made him quit his job and migrated to America. Peter had a strong believe that he would find a better world to stay. In America, he shared with other European emigrants, and it reached a time when he realized that the barren plains of Nebraska had a different story to tell. In America, he became feckless and was unable to support his own living because of rejecting hard labor. He also became separated from his son (Willa Cather 12). His son Anton represented the second generation of American immigrants. He regarded America as home place, but his father, Peter regarded it as hostile land. Peter’s son was forced to work by material success and forced his father to sell his violin. On the other hand, the story portrayed Peter as a more romantic person, which made him unsuitable to the actuality of the silent plains where there were no great emotions. To Peter, the violin helped remember his life in Bohemian by recalling on the feelings and memories he had while performing on stage. Despite the fact that Peter could not play the violin anymore, he still reflected on the touch he once experienced and the beauty of playing the violin. Peter’s hunger for playing the violin was further amplified when he listened to music, which reminded him of what he experienced daily (Willa Cather 14). While , in Nebraska, Peter’s urge for real experience changed into greed. After his final unsuccessful effort to play the violin he committed suicide. However, before he shot himself, he destroyed his violin to prevent his son Anton from selling the violin. When committing suicide Peter still believed that the world of the unattainable was still within his reach and by committing suicide he would preserve the joy he found in playing the violin. The story points out that Peter had died many times while in the Prague theatre, but his death in Nebraska was the irreversible one. However, the story provides further evidence that suggested that Peter just accepted his defeat (Willa Cather 17). Ardessa by Willa Cather The short story Ardessa by Willa Cather was published in 1918. It narrates of a woman; Ardessa, who worked for The Outcry, which was a weekly magazine. The story describes Ardessa as who was not young, and her looks were not beautiful. She is also described as a woman who ha d good manners and was insinuatingly feminine. Her employer was an immigrant from the west who had engaged in several contradictory issues before becoming the proprietor and editor of the weekly magazine. The employer came into New York and bought a highly respectable publication and made it magazine of protest that was in high demand. The

Juvenile Convicts and Their Expectation of Privacy Research Paper

Juvenile Convicts and Their Expectation of Privacy - Research Paper Example In this respect, juveniles include adolescents and children who are below the age o majority. The age of majority may be determined by law more so with respect to minor crimes. However, for major crimes, a court of law may consider trying a juvenile as an adult (Lawrence, 2003). This is important a distinction given that sentencing for major offences may not only limit a young person’s life to prison for a lifetime. A convict on the other hand is a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court of law. A convict can also be defined as any person serving a sentence in prison. Convicts are usually referred to as inmates or prisoners or simply as a â€Å"con† in slang. Juveniles who are alleged to have committed an offence may have their cases heard in juvenile courts as noted by (Karmen, (2009). Juvenile courts have different rules from those of adult criminal courts and they provide defendants with fewer rights. In many states, juveniles are denied the right to a jury trial but given the right to an attorney and appeal (Lawrence, 2003). This paper will focus on analyzing the perception of convicted juveniles regarding privacy. The research will present information regarding the history and current trends with respect to juvenile conviction and their perceptions of privacy. The research will also seek consider the diversity sensitivity and multi-cultural issues related to juvenile delinquency. History of Juvenile Conviction Juvenile delinquency and conviction is not something that is new to the world. From generation to generation, since time immemorial, young people have gotten to commit minor crimes and sometimes major crimes that warrant serious corrective or retributive measures. Among the earliest records of juvenile convicts in modern times can be traced back to the 1780s according to Horshamps (nd). The juvenile convicts in this case were set aboard the first fleet of eleven ships that sailed from Botany Bay to Plymouth, England. The total number of juvenile conflicts were 13in the 1787 trip according to Horshamps (nd). In the 1820s, Members (nd) states that there were juvenile convicts that were transported to Sydney. The some of the convicted children were children of convicted parents according to Members (nd). While female convicts were sent to work in the female factory or got married by Australian settlers, their children stayed in orphanages or with their mothers. The children convicts were sent to separate orphanages depending on their gender, records of their activities and health being taken. Juvenile male offenders were often relocated to New South Wales and trained to do certain jobs with the risk of facing a goal sentence in the event that their masters complained according to Members (nd). Many boy convicts aged between nine and 18 were relocated to Tasmania in the 1830s. This age was considered unfit for performing difficult tasks like clearing bushes, building roads and working in q uarries. Girl convicts on the other hand were however sent to the female factories to be workers therein or assigned work as servants to the settlers. The issue of privacy during the periods preceding the 1830s was not a major issue with regard to convicts’ lives. Conviction of whatever kind at this time was mainly aimed at punishing

The Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water to Assignment

The Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions of the World - Assignment Example As the essay declares a Water Program for African Arid & Water Scarce zones has been launched by the Italian ministry for Environment & Territory that aims at developing potential water resources management to protect water regions’ fragile environment. Deteriorating qualities caused by hydrological challenges are threatening fresh water resources available within such areas. Frequently, accessible water within arid regions is limited to ground water. Following short duration as well as high intensity rainfall events, surface inflows are frequently restricted to flashfloods. According to the report findings water, like other resources, happens to be at the edge of diminishing, more specifically within world’s arid regions. Within the near future, individuals living in arid regions are going to run short of water supply if they use all the accessible surface water. Such water is harvested from nearby fresh water rivers and springs. Borehole drilling is quite common within arid areas due to grave shortage of water within the regions. Ground water harvesting is considered a viable option since it does not require maintenance costs. This is an approach that aims at converting sea water to fresh drinking water. This happens by way of eliminating salt found within sea water. This is one among the oldest and commonly used techniques for treating water. This is a very practicable approach especially in assuring freshwater supply within arid regions. Desalination has the capability to remove most contaminants within water.

Hulse Letters Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Hulse Letters - Assignment Example In letters written by Hulse to his mother, the soldiers are seen determined, hardworking and impatient in the first months when preparing for battle, in his first letter he enthusiastically explains to his mother about their work in the mobilization of machinery and the soldiers readiness to set them in motion at any time, he talks animatedly about their position and the strengths of the British and French forces and fleet as compared to the German side.1 In his second letter he hinted of the start of the battle and talks about delivering a lecture to his platoon, he reminded them of their duty to their country, discipline and the treatment of all inhabitants with kindness. This is a depiction of a good leader setting an example for his fellow countrymen and giving them the necessary confidence and attitude to carry into the battlefield. As a leader he vows to set an example in his home or abroad when serving his country and king.2 The weather conditions in the field were wet and dreary, at first it hot and the temperatures inconveniencing, however the battalion and all its soldiers were fit and healthy raring to go on. These conditions changed after some time and the hot temperatures gave way to cold winds and rainfall, the poor weather conditions kept on deteriorating with heavy rains and sheets of snow and sleet. The trenches that had been dug in the fields would often flood and this would be uncomfortable and would dampen the soldiers and their drive.3 Due to the unpleasant conditions in the trenches and poor sanitation, the soldiers would get sick quite often due to the dampness that followed. The author got sick with dysentery and had to be lifted from the trenches with a high fever and barely conscious.4 These poor conditions saw the French hospitals overflowing with the soldiers who were sick due to the incessant rain and cold. This would

Operations Management Discussion Questions Assignment

Operations Management Discussion Questions - Assignment Example Furthermore, the place where a new facility is located illustrates the possibilities of your facility succeeding or not succeeding. My organization puts into considerations various criteria on deciding the location of a new facility. Customer criterion is one of the principles to reflect. The nature of your business determines the nature of your customers, for example, if a facility is a restaurant where many people gather, and busy high streets are the best location to place the restaurant (Bognanno, Keane, and Yang, 171). Employees’ criterion is considered, since for them, the best location is where there is accessibility of public transport and reliable local facilities. Suppliers’ criterion is considered since our facility depends heavily on supplies from other facilities. However, when locating the suitable place, for our facility, we consider expedient infrastructure links to ensure deliveries are quick and easy. Business competitors’ criterion is another f actor we consider when placing a facility. Our organization ensures we deal with different products from our competitors, and we are not particularly near to them. However, sometimes if we have a competitor with a business rivaling our products we prefer being close to more customers. The criteria my organization considers are appropriate because our facilities have been appreciably successful. Our organization has been effective in choosing appropriate facility location by fully debating on each criterion, depending on the products we are intending to offer and the people we are intending to reach to come with the best locations. DQ1 Responses Strategically selecting a facility is exceptionally vital, as it is one of the major factors to consider when setting up a new facility. Advantages of strategically selecting a location of a facility are easy accessibly to the organization, customer influx in to the organization, easy and quick delivery of supplies and accessibility of good a nd decent local amenities and communal transport by employees. Advantages of strategically selecting a location for a facility are well demonstrated by the location of ideal Inland Ports. Spee and Wim demonstrate advantages of the location of the Ideal Island Ports as competent access to logistics services, infrastructure systems and consumer markets (34). Furthermore, its location has supported easy access to advanced transportations infrastructures. The previous ports that are in close vicinity with Inland Port were unsuccessful due to poor selection of a potential site (Spee and Wim, 38). The ports were unable to access convenient transportation, delayed supplies of goods, had poor logistics, the consumer market was undesirable, the employees could not access communal transport and decent facilities. These caused the Ports a lot of money to hire transport for the delivery of their supplies. In addition, due to poor communal transport and local amenities the company incurred extra cost in proving its employees with transport and facilities. The cost incurred by the company is decidedly vital, since if it is not incurred by the company it will lose its employees and its customers due to lack of accessibility to transportation. In addition, the delivery of supplies will become slow, difficult, poor, undesirable services would be offered, and poor

Ban on Tobacco and Governments Attempts to Regulate It Essay

Ban on Tobacco and Governments Attempts to Regulate It - Essay Example The white paper in 1998 promised new action to tackle tobacco to reduce 1, 06,000 deaths in UK due to smoking. The regulation targets the nine million adults in UK, who still smoke in 2002. Now it has been decreased, but still there is reasonable number of smokers in UK, which needs regulation. According to Statutory instrument 2006 No. 3368 UK regulations ensure smoke free premises and enforcement. According to the act, the smoking is banned in enclosed premises as the smoking in them may result in polluted environment. The responsibility of enforcement of the act lies with port health authority and unitary authority. As the authorities are entitled with the responsibility of ensuring smoke free enclosures or premises, they have to be prepared with the legal aspects that help in enforcement. The important aspect in regulating the smoking is to stop the production. As it does not happen with the above regulation, the government is trying to minimise the consumption and is trying to make the closed premises smoke and pollution free, so that the passive smokers as well as smokers can avoid some serious diseases. In addition to the above context, Government tried to regulate the tobacco by labelling of packaging, regulating the content in tobacco products, restricting the sal e of tobacco to young people of a certain age limit. However, the last aspect in the just mentioned topics cannot be implemented properly as the administration cannot contain the sale of tobacco products to children or young people of certain age. In case of second aspect mentioned above, the restrictions of sale of tobacco resulted in counterfeit sales of cigarettes and other tobacco products and it resulted in loss to exchequer despite sales going on. The labelling of packaging is not much effective as most of the smokers do not buy packets of cigarettes. Though it is effective in some classes of people, the labelling did not decrease smoking in lower economic class people who buy cigarettes not as a pack but single cigarettes. In addition to that the legislation made in 2002 regarding manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products resulted in hard hitting health warnings. The act prohibited the advertisements of cigarette and tobacco product manufacturing companies, which indicate that they are less injurious to health. The Government started to give picture warnings, which are understandable with least reading and concentration. The picture warnings started from 2008 on cigarette denoting that the people will die a slow death by smoking cigarettes, which indicates premature death. However, the premature death cannot restrain young or energetic smokers who do not care much about health and death as they are strong enough. However, the above signals can restrain middle aged and old aged smokers who face health problems due to smoking. Hence, the graphic picture warnings on cigarette packs regarding rotting teeth and lungs, throat cancer can create thinking in smokers about their health from 1st Octo ber. Out of millions of smokers, just 90,000 smokers called NHS smoking helpline to know about the health problems and ways and means to quit smoking. The statutory instruments did not turn out to be a full success as only small amount of the

Operations Management Discussion Questions Assignment

Operations Management Discussion Questions - Assignment Example Furthermore, the place where a new facility is located illustrates the possibilities of your facility succeeding or not succeeding. My organization puts into considerations various criteria on deciding the location of a new facility. Customer criterion is one of the principles to reflect. The nature of your business determines the nature of your customers, for example, if a facility is a restaurant where many people gather, and busy high streets are the best location to place the restaurant (Bognanno, Keane, and Yang, 171). Employees’ criterion is considered, since for them, the best location is where there is accessibility of public transport and reliable local facilities. Suppliers’ criterion is considered since our facility depends heavily on supplies from other facilities. However, when locating the suitable place, for our facility, we consider expedient infrastructure links to ensure deliveries are quick and easy. Business competitors’ criterion is another f actor we consider when placing a facility. Our organization ensures we deal with different products from our competitors, and we are not particularly near to them. However, sometimes if we have a competitor with a business rivaling our products we prefer being close to more customers. The criteria my organization considers are appropriate because our facilities have been appreciably successful. Our organization has been effective in choosing appropriate facility location by fully debating on each criterion, depending on the products we are intending to offer and the people we are intending to reach to come with the best locations. DQ1 Responses Strategically selecting a facility is exceptionally vital, as it is one of the major factors to consider when setting up a new facility. Advantages of strategically selecting a location of a facility are easy accessibly to the organization, customer influx in to the organization, easy and quick delivery of supplies and accessibility of good a nd decent local amenities and communal transport by employees. Advantages of strategically selecting a location for a facility are well demonstrated by the location of ideal Inland Ports. Spee and Wim demonstrate advantages of the location of the Ideal Island Ports as competent access to logistics services, infrastructure systems and consumer markets (34). Furthermore, its location has supported easy access to advanced transportations infrastructures. The previous ports that are in close vicinity with Inland Port were unsuccessful due to poor selection of a potential site (Spee and Wim, 38). The ports were unable to access convenient transportation, delayed supplies of goods, had poor logistics, the consumer market was undesirable, the employees could not access communal transport and decent facilities. These caused the Ports a lot of money to hire transport for the delivery of their supplies. In addition, due to poor communal transport and local amenities the company incurred extra cost in proving its employees with transport and facilities. The cost incurred by the company is decidedly vital, since if it is not incurred by the company it will lose its employees and its customers due to lack of accessibility to transportation. In addition, the delivery of supplies will become slow, difficult, poor, undesirable services would be offered, and poor

Depend on the information that will given Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Depend on the information that will given - Essay Example A lot of different countries all over the world tried school uniform but later on were forced to abolish it due to the liberalization of the society. In the United States, the policy of mandatory school uniform started in the end of 1980s and it was aimed at decreasing gang formation and bullying (Han 1). Hence, according to Guerino et al., national reports indicate significant negative tendency in behavior of students that are prone to display violence and abuse (2). Currently, facing the question of imposing uniform on their children, many parents have rather polysemantic opinion about it despite the fact that they used to wear uniform themselves in early school years. Majority of parents do not prefer the idea of egalitarianism, some people do not like the design or comfort of the concrete uniform, and others on the contrary view the uniform as a solution to financial problem. Analyzing all advantages and disadvantages of uniform policy, it is fair to state that there are number o f reasons for approval of mandatory unified cloths in educational institutions. Firstly, uniform eliminates social conflicts because children are not encouraged to amaze each other with new trendy cloths and stand out of the crowd. There is no opportunity to judge classmates by their cloth and organize social groups according to the financial status of a child. Secondly, uniform creates conducive school environment and maintains discipline as it is supposed that looking formal helps students feel and behave more professionally. Thirdly, with the help of mandatory uniform policy, it is less complicated to ensure safety within a campus. When everyone is wearing the same attire, any intruder to the territory of a school can be easily identified. In addition to the decrease of social tension, egalitarianism diminishes economic barriers between learners, whose decision-making process regarding what they should wear in the morning is simplified considerably. Moreover, general uniform does not affect family budget in the same rate as diversified wardrobe of the child that is supposed to take place in case there is no mandatory uniform. It is quite obvious that one complete set of uniform costs much cheaper than several attires for a child to alternate with each other. Furthermore, no matter whether uniform is obligatory or not, school’s administration still must control outward appearance of the students and set limitations and basic rules of dress code for not letting children to cross the line of permissibility and decorum. However, in case all students are forced to wear unified cloths, the need to keep an eye on children’s look and provide further restrictions and punishments for not following the rules languishes. Also, a lot of experts consider that wearing uniform develops team building and strengthens school spirit. All these educe pride for educational institution and enhance fellowship between students, who get the same conditions, opportuniti es and treatment. Looking more as integrity than varicolored mass helps unite the collective and foster so-called corporate ethics. Analyzing aesthetics, it should be stressed that not all parents have a good taste therefore frequently children may look inelegantly and even preposterous meanwhile properly sewed uniform is able to liquidate some flaws in person’s appearance. Finally, the most important argument that convinces to stick to the uniform policy is

Green Banking: An Evaluation on Rupali Bank Limited

Green Banking: An Evaluation on Rupali Bank Limited Green Banking- Way to Sustainable Development: An Evaluation on Rupali Bank Limited Introduction Background of the study Green banking is a process of promoting environment friendly practices by different banking activities. Bangladesh is a most climate change vulnerable country in the world and green banking is a tool for acquiring reputation. Green bankers are concerned about sustainable development and it is a special agenda to take care of environment of the earth. Green banking is a proactive and effective step with a vision for future sustainability. Green banking activities are sustainable banking, ethical banking, green money market account, mobile banking, waste management, remote deposit and green financing. Green banking focuses on green transformation of internal operations of all banks. Bangladesh falls into the group of most climate change countries in the world comparison with other developing and developed countries. Bangladesh Bank issued green banking policy guideline in February 2011 to conduct environment friendly banking activities in the country. According to these guidelines, all financial institutions and banks need to take effective measures to conduct environment friendly banking activities in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank issued a common reporting format to all commercial banks to report green banking activities in a structured way. Banks and other financial institutions have to submit a quarterly report to Bangladesh Bank on their performance of green banking activities. According to green banking policy of Bangladesh bank, banks have to determine vision, mission and strategic planning covering in house green banking activities like follow green architecture, use energy saving technologies, reduce dependency on grid power and green financing practices l ike providing green loan to promote solar energy, bio gas plants, develop green banking products for clients, increase online and mobile banking etc. Rupali Bank Limited performs several green banking activities like in house environment management, green financing like installation of EFT, Bio gas plant, establishment of solar panel etc. Rupali Bank Limited also involves in green marketing activities to ensure environment friendly activities like plant tree, finance in environment friendly projects, pay bill via online, be paperless etc. Objectives of the study There have been some objectives set forward in doing this report. These objectives help to determine Bank’s green banking activities to maintain sustainable development growth. The objective of the report can be divided into two parts- Broad Objective: To identify the degree of green banking activities of Rupali Bank To identify the further scope of green banking activities for Rupali Bank Specific Objective: To get an overall idea about the green banking policy and green banking unit To identify funds for green banking activities of Rupali Bank Limited To identify others green banking activities like online banking, in house environment management activities, incorporation of ERM, CSR activities, green financing, green marketing etc Rationale of the study Climate change is the most complicated issues in global world and Bangladesh is one of the most climate change vulnerable country in the world. Climate change has compelled us to think about protection of environment and conservation of energy. To reduce pollution and save energy, green banking activities are very important in Bangladesh as well as in the whole world. I have chosen the topic titled â€Å"Green Banking- Way to Sustainable Development: An Evaluation on Rupali Bank Limited† for providing overall ideas about green banking activities, green banking policy, green banking unit of Rupali Bank Limited. This study topic is very worthy of study because it provides guidelines of green banking activities, procedures and ways to sustainable development in Bangladesh. Scope of the study This report has been prepared for determining green banking activities of Rupali bank and how it helps to increase sustainable growth. Overall knowledge of green banking activities of Rupali bank limited has been determined by this study. Several procedures and ways of sustainable growth are found by determining appropriate green banking activities of Rupali bank Limited. Further scope of green banking activities of Rupali bank ltd also critically analyzed in this study. Limitations of the study Almost every study report has to face some limitations in its completion. I also face some constraints to make this report. These constraints are described here. Time constraints Covering the entire Green Banking performance of the bank was a difficult task within the time allowed for the internship program. I have to complete this report within 5 to 6 weeks. So I have not included all aspects of green banking activities in this report. Lack of published materials I do not get available information about green banking activities in Rupali bank in their websites and personally contracted with their office. As a result this report is in lack of some specific information about their green banking activities. Lack of experience To make a comprehensive report of green banking activities and determine ways to sustainable development, I require a great deal of experience and banking knowledge. As a BBA student, I do not have that kind of knowledge and experience. Organization of the report This report will be described about overall activities, scope, problems and some possible solutions of green banking activities of Rupali bank limited. Introduction part describes rationale of the study, scope of the study and main limitations of this study. 2nd part is literature part and literature part is evaluative report of information found in the literature related to my selected area of the study: Green banking- Way to sustainable development: an Evaluation on Rupali Bank limited. In Methodology part of the report, I will be provided an accurate description of the materials and procedures used to develop this study. This study will be both quantitative and qualitative study because different facts and figures are needed to discussed and analyzed here. Organizational overview is the next step of developing this study. In this stage, descriptions of Rupali bank limited like history, mission, vision, present conditions of bank will be provided. In Findings and discussion stage, the results of this study will be found in summary basis and this result will be presented descriptively by using tables, graphs or figures. In discussion section, I critically evaluate my findings and assess the accuracy, representativeness and significance of findings. Conclusion and recommendation part will be described the outcomes of this study and given some suggestions for further research action to be taken. 1 | Page What Is Game Based Learning? An Evaluation What Is Game Based Learning? An Evaluation Many people believe that gaming is addictive and can lead to violence, a belief that is not substantiated by research. Researchers have shown that the source of behavioral problems of young people who play video games comes from elsewhere. One study found that people who play video games spend just as much time reading, doing homework or participating in other social activities as people who do not play games at all. This raises the question: can video games be used for learning in the classroom and would they have positive results? When education starts to feel dull, we are not being engaged or motivated, which means we are not really learning. According to Foreman we can look at the lecture as an example. With all the technology being thrown at young people today, they are going to say, why am I sitting in this lecture listening to this person? Learning is just not memorization; it means the act or process of acquiring knowledge or skill. Students do not need to spend more time in the classroom to learn how to think and perform. They need effective, engaging experiences that can motivate them in the learning process. Educational games can be a powerful tool for teaching and learning. These games are used to reinforce learning, they offer immediate feedback, recurring gratification and prolong the interest of learners. Why it works Game-based learning is a simple concept, where games are used as a learning tool to engage students. In Jane McGonigals book, a game is defined as an activity that has goals, rules, a feedback system, and voluntary participation (pg 100). Some pedagogical considerations that are derived from game based learning are that content and/or skills can enhance learning vs. traditional methods; Students can build their own games in order to learn and develop skills; They can use game mechanics in the learning environment, for example using levels instead of grades, coined gamification of the learning process. In 2003 author, James Paul Gee wrote the book, and in it he described the impact of cognitive development with game play. Gee developed 36 different learning principles that games being used in education should have. From these principles we can look at game based learning from two perspectives. The first is learning effectiveness. The second is engagement. When considering learning effectiveness, we can consider whether the game provides meaningful learning activity or whether the game is just a fun activity and does not necessarily lead to learning. We can look at what the learning outcomes are including memorization, knowledge, understanding, synthesis and creativity. For all these various learning outcomes, games can provide an enriched learning experience. The second perspective, the elements of engagement from Games Based Learning (GBL); we can ask does the game enhance learner motivation, does the game provide a fun learning experience? Is it interesting or is it a very tedious, boring learning experience? Does it add to learner concentration? Does it get the learners full attention? And finally learning by doing, games can provide an experience where the learner has to intensely engage in various activities. Where is it going? Over the last decade, research and interest in GBL has increased, as has the diversity of games themselves. Serious games and computer simulations offer an interesting context for learning because they both reinforce student motivation. Researchers found that students playing serious games or who participated in computer simulations were a lot more active as they manipulated objects. Students also had control over their actions and were more engaged in their learning. Researchers found that animation in the games increased motivation, and that students were more likely to return to activities that included animated graphics. They also found that serious games support inductive, experiential learning, with a genuine constructivism approach. Online gaming provides a context for adaptive learning, because they allow for multiple personalized paths or itineraries. Communication among players also introduces a social aspect that opens doors to knowledge acquisition with peers. Challenged- based and collaborative games are an emerging category of games that seem particularly appropriate for higher education. These games allow students to use skills for research, collaboration, problem solving, writing, leadership, digital literacy and many more. They are open-ended and occur in both online and non-digital forms. Games will undoubtedly evolve in the future and therefore GBL will also need to evolve, we are seeing new types of gaming, such as alternate reality games, social/mobile games, we are also seeing innovative new ways to use GBL. Conclusion Game-based learning has gained more traction in recent years and is becoming more accessible with many benefits. Game-based learning can make learning more situated, contextualized and personalized. GBL can be used for learning content and skills, including 21st century skills like innovative problem solving and collaboration. GBL can even be used for practicing and honing existing skills. Game based-learning engages students, and if students are engaged they will embrace learning rather than view it as a tedious boring learning experience. AC Voltammetry: Principles, Advantages and Disadvantages AC Voltammetry: Principles, Advantages and Disadvantages Name TEH YU JIE (K) NOOR HASIRA BINTI SAMSUDIN NUR NADIAH BINTI ABU BAKAR NUR NIQMAH BINTI MUSA NUR SYAHIRAH BINTI KHAIRUDDIN KHANG EE WEN INTRODUCTION Nobel Prize winning chemist Jaroslav Heyrovskà ½ facilitated voltammetry by the discovery of polarography by in the year of 1922. Alternative current voltammetry was invented in 1950s and developed intensively by D.E Smith. Alternative current (AC) voltammetry is an accurate electroanalysis method and combination with preconcentration will enhance the sensitivities of this analytical techniques. AC Voltammetry generally involves in the application of a sinusodially oscillating voltage to an electrochemical cell. The AC experiment is used in conjunction with a fixed amplifier or frequency analyser which will increase sensitivity considerably over the early described techniques. AC voltammetry can also reveal the important of mechanistic and kinetic information which is not easily available when using the tradition voltammetric techniques. Measurement of AC voltammetric is usually used in an electrochemical cell and the dominate mode of transport is diffusion. A steady DC signal or voltage sweep will often combined with the AC voltage. The following figure shows a cyclic voltammetric signal with an AC perturbation. Alternating potential usually has a frequency of 50-100Hz and 10-20mV amplitude. The AC signal causes a perturbation in the surface concentration and DC potential ramp maintained the concentration. The resulting AC current is plotted against the potential. For example, voltammogram appears a peak, the potential of which is the same as the polarographic half-wave potential. At this region, the sinusoid has maximum impact on the surface concentration like on the current. For a reversible system, such a response is actually the derivative of the DC polarographic response. The concentration of the analyte is proportional to the height of the AC voltammetric peak and for a reversible reaction to the square root of the frequency (ω), the term is the amplitude. WORKING PRINCIPLE AC Voltammetry typically involves the application of a sinusodially oscillating voltage to a electrochemical cell. When used in conjuction in the ac experiment with a lock in amplifier or frequency analyser. It offers a considerably increased sensitivity compared to the early described techniques. It can also reveal necessary mechanistic and kinetic information that are not easily available by using some other tradition voltammetric techniques.Usually, diffusion is perfomed as it was the dominate mode of transport. The AC voltage is often combined with either a steady DC signal or voltage sweep. There are three component steps involved in an electrochemical process, mass transport,chemical and adsorption steps and electron transfer. They all are actually contribute to the total potential drop across the cell. If an AC current flows, it will be necessary to distinguish purely ohmic resistance from non-ohmic,complex and normally frequency dependent resistance(often term impedance).Besides,treatment of the AC response of electrochemical cells will follow the pathway with initially a general treatment. The treatment of the two simpler cases of purely diffusion controlled and purely electrochemically controlled reactions will be conducted. Under AC measurements,there are 5 methods: Influence of transport processes on the ac impedances of an electrochemical cell. Equivalent circuit for an electrode-diffusion-limited reaction.(the circuit elements describing the flow of ac current through an electrode comprises an electron transfer resistance,Rà ¡Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and Warburg impedance,Zà ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¡ in series. AC impedance of an electrode where the electron transfer process is rate limiting. Logarithmic or bode plot representations. Electrode reactions under mixed control Alternating current bridges use the principle of balance between the variable impendance, ZS and an electrochemical cell under study. An electrode process normally consists of a resistance RS in series with a capacitance CS. The resistance includes the resistive components of the electrode process of the solution and the capacitance is due to the working electrode. A combination of capacitance and resistance has been used in parallel. The analysis is more carried out in these conditions in terms of admittance Y=1/Z Potentiostat is more convenient to use when it is important to apply a d.c potential to the cell in addition to the a.c perturbation. Potentiostat is simultaneously applies the d.c potential and the detection rather than conventional detector. It is good stability in the applied potential and accuracy for wide range of frequencies while the electronic component of the potentiostat is only limited by these characteristics. This arrangement is known as a potentiostatic bridge. The accuracy of bridges at high frequencies are depends on cell design. This is due to the ions are moving faster than the time needed for rearrangement of the ionic atmosphere and occur above 10 MHZ . The technique is actually very similar to the normal frequencies but it was also time consuming. This technique also has a disadvantage such as the impendance of the whole cell is measured. In the investigation of electrode process the disadvantage when one is interested in the properties of one of electrode. By using an auxiliary electrode with an area large relative to that electrode, it is possible to reduce the contribution of the unwanted components. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES AC Voltammetry is one of the techniques based on the analysis of faradaic impedance. A low-amplitude sinusoidal voltage is given to the working electrode, which is also established at some DC voltage with regard to the reference electrode. Because of the difference in the time scale, the AC component of the total current can be readily differentiated from the DC component. The kinetic parameters can be carried out either from the amplitude of each current or from the phase angle between the AC current and AC voltage (C.G Zoski, 2007). The significant advantage of AC Voltammetry is that it allows relatively easy evaluation of the solution resistance and double layer capacity. Without simplifying assumptions the analysis of faradaic impedance even for a simple response is quite complicated. The commonly used assumption is that the DC and as components of the total current can be uncoupled is reasonable because AC Voltammetry is typically applied to measure fast electrode kinetics. The other advantage of voltammetry as quantitative method of analysis is its capability for analyzing two or more analytes in a single sample. As long as the components behave independently, the resulting voltammetry for a multi component mixture is a summation of their respective individual voltammograms. Voltammetry has been used for the quantitative analysis of a wide variety of samples, including environmental samples, clinical samples, pharmaceutical formulations, steels, gasoline, and oil. Some advantages and disadvantages are specified in the form of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity. The accuracy of a voltammetric analysis usually is limited by ability to correct for residual currents, particularly those due to charging. For an analyte at the parts-per-million level, an accuracy of  ±1–3% is routine. Accuracy decreases when analysing samples with significantly smaller concentrations of analyte. Precision is generally limited by the uncertainty in measuring the limiting current or the peak current. Under most conditions, a precision of  ±1–3% is reasonable. One exception is the analysis of ultratrace analytes in complex matrices by stripping Voltammetry, in which the precision may be as poor as  ±25%. In many voltammetric experiments, we can improve the sensitivity by adjusting the experimental conditions. For example, in stripping voltammetry we can improve sensitivity by increasing the deposition time, by increasing the rate of the linear potential scan, or by using a differential-pulse technique. One reason that potential pulse techniques are popular is that they provide an improvement in current relative to a linear potential scan. Lastly, selectivity in voltammetry is determined by the difference between half-wave potentials or peak potentials, with a minimum difference of  ±0.2–0.3 V for a linear potential scan and  ±0.04–0.05 V for differential pulse voltammetry. We often can improve the selectivity by adjusting solution conditions. The addition of a complexion legend, for example, can substantially shift the potential where a species are oxidized or reduced to a potential where it no longer interferes with the determination of an analyte. Other solution parameters, such as pH, also can be used to improve selectivity ( D.Harvey,2000). COMPARISON OF AC VOLTAMMETRY WITH OTHER TYPES OF VOLTAMMETRY Voltammetry is a category for electro analytical method mostly used in analytical chemistry and various industry processes. Consist a lot of example of voltammetry that been used such linear sweep voltammetry, staircase voltammetry, square wave voltammetry. Others example like cyclic voltammetry consist of method that can be used to determine diffusion coefficient and half-cell reduction potentials. Anodic stripping voltammetry are also the example of voltammetry that are quantitative analytical method for trace analysis of metal cations. Then, cathodic stripping voltammetry are also as example of this voltammetry that are quantitative analytical method for trace analysis of anions. Other than that, adsorptive stripping voltammetry is a quantitative and analytical method for trace analysis. Alternating current voltammetry and polarography in example of voltammetry that polarography is a subclass of voltammetry where the working electrode is a dropping mercury electrode that useful for its wide cathodic range. Lastly, rotated electrode voltammetry is a hydrodynamic technique in which the working electrode. This technique is useful for studying the kinetics and electrochemical reaction mechanism for a half reaction. Then, the normal pulse voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. RESEARCH IN AC VOLTAMMETRY Ac voltammetry is a method that seldom used on the determination of elemental elements. In general principle, the determinations are usually done is a more conventional way, that is by connecting two electron reversible electrochemical process. During the process, the mercury is oxidized to form mercury (II) ions and the electrode surface will formed at the electrode surface. In this research, we will be analyzing elemental sulfur with AC voltammetry. Generally speaking, the elemental sulfur will undergo the chemical pretreatment. For example, the process with solvent such as ethanol and toluene-methanol or methanol-pyridine. The process involved mostly organic solvent. Why the process is carried out with pretreatment but not direct determination? This is because the aqueous solutions mostly contain too less elemental sulfur to be determined. To overcome the problem, some scientist suggest that using acidification of sample to pH 5 and then with electrochemical treatment. The method itself has a higher detection rates compared to the previous one, but actually still too low for economical values.According to Batuna (1992), they try to determine the elemental sulfur by using direct determination method. And the source is natural water. The researchers are conducting the research using phase sensitive ac voltammetry because the instrument is easier to be found in the laboratory in the author’s lab. The research continues with using a PAR Model 303A static mercury drop electrode from EG G Princeton Applied Research. It was connected to a BAS-100A electrochemical analyser from Bioanalytical System that located in the West Lafayatte. They used a reference electrode of Ag/AgCl and an auxillary electrode of platinum. The instrument takes the measurement at 80 Hz and a modulation scan rate of 1 mV s-1. The temperature of the conditions was at room temperature. The solutions were deaerated for 15 minutes by using nitrogen gas and then doubly distilled and filtered with the Milli-Q filter. All measurement was actually made at the pH 10 to prevent the formation of volatile H2S. The stock solution was prepared from using the reaction between elemental sulfur and toluene. The solutions have to be prepared just before the measurements were made. This is because to prevent contamination and more complete reaction can be conducted. PAR Model 303A static mercury drop electrode RESULTS The determination of sulphide in aqueous solution are based on the insoluble mercury (II) sulphide during the accumulation period at potential more positive than ca- 0.58V. Hg + S2- à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   HgS + 2e A and B were showing the typical ac voltammogram of sulphide in 0.5 moldm-3 NaCl-NaOH. C is a negative going scans of 110-6 moldm-3 after 0-300s accumulation at a potential 0.5V. D shows that positive going scans of 110-4 moldm-3 sulphide after 0-120s accumulation at a potential at 0.8 V. The difference between the peaks obtained using negative- and positive-going scan directions are more favor to the negative direction. It is also important to note that there is actually no effect of accumulation under conditions on the peak height obtained with a positive-gong scan . This agrees well with the explanation that during the positive-going scan, the anodlc dissolution of mercury occurs, which is proportional to the adsorbed sulphlde on the mercury electrode. REFERENCES Zoski,C., (2007), Handbook of Electrochemistry, Elsevier Publication, Amsterdam Netherland, pg 645.,Retrieved at 15/3/2014. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.my/books?id=2g5GJtBFwo0Cpg=PA645lpg=PA645dq=difference+between+ac+and+dc+voltammetrysource=blots=0PAeXF0kMSsig=ops4MLGzE7IfXoO2lN1p73jt4Aohl=ensa=Xei=XQknU_PeJsnIiAfXx4CQCgredir_esc=y#v=onepageqf=false Harvey, D., (2000), Modern Analytical Chemistry, McGraw Hills, United States of America, pg 508-527. Jurgen, (2003). Cyclic Voltammetry-Electrochemical spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie 23(11),831–918.Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.v23:11/issuetoc Carl,H, Andrew,V., (1998),Electrochemical Methods, Fundamental and application(2 ed.) pg 236-242 Brett,M. ,Oliveria,B.(1993),Electrochemistry Principles,Methods and Applications pg 225-227. Nikola , B. ,(1992)., Determination of elemental sulphur, sulphide and their mixtures in electrolyte solutions by a.c. voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 267(1), 157-164. Retrieved at 5/3/2014. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003267092850182 Wang J. (2006).,Analytical Electrochemistry (3rd ed.). Hoboken, United States : John Wiley Sons, Inc AC voltammetry. (n.d.)., from University of Cambridge. Center for research in electrochemical science and technology: Retrieved March 9, 2014.,Retrieved from http://www.cheng.cam.ac.uk/research/groups/electrochem/JAVA/electrochemistry/ELEC/l6html/cvac.html

Method :: essays research papers

Method Participants   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were 32 (22 female and 10 male) participants in this word recall experiment. Participants were of traditional and nontraditional college-age. The participants were from various academic majors; however, all participants were currently enrolled in one of three sections of an experimental psychology course. All of the experimental psychology students taking part in this experiment had previously completed a course in general psychology and psychological statistics earning a grade of â€Å"C† or better. The participants took part in the experiment as a learning experience for the class. Materials   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The experiment took place in a traditional classroom setting. Participants sat at one of three long tables, positioned in a u-shape, facing the front of the room. There was also a row of smaller desks behind the tables in which participants could sit. The experimenter used a series of 24 PowerPoint slides, which informed the participants of their role in the experiment. Consent forms were passed out to each participant. The consent form described how the experiment was not mandatory; therefore anyone wishing not to participate could simply return their consent form and exit the room. Additionally, number â€Å"2† pencils were given to any participant who did not have one of their own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Gateway 2000 (E-1000) computer equipped with Microsoft PowerPoint was used to generate the slides. The slides were displayed on a Gateway 2000 35’ diagonal color computer monitor. The monitor was placed on top of a portable TV stand, positioned in the front of the room. Thirty words were used on the presentation slide. Fifteen of the words used were concrete words such as cat, string, and butter. The other fifteen words used were abstract words like pride, honor, and truth. The words on the presentation slide were set up into 3 columns of 10 words, each alternating between concrete and abstract. The words on the slides were white with a black background to ensure that all participants could easily view the slides. Arial font with a 32-point size was used. All text was in upper case letters, also for easier viewing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concrete and abstract words were chosen from a list of 925 words featured in Pavio, Yuille & Madigan (1968). The concreteness of all 925 words had been determined by asking subjects to rate the words on a likert scale of (1-7) (1= not very concrete, 7 = very concrete). The concrete words were composed of words with a concreteness value â€Å"C† of 6.