The Origin of Fencing, Rowing, Tennis, Cock-fighting, Swimming, Golf, Badminton, Boxing and Bullfighting :: Sport Sporting

The Origin of Fencing, Rowing, Tennis, Cock-fighting, Swimming, Golf, Badminton, Boxing and Bullfighting It is thought that the Egyptians began fencing as a sport and this is derived from images on walls and relics from that time. The images show fencers wearing forms of protective clothing, earflaps and having covers on the ends of their swords. It is excessively thought that they may have been used to let fighters practice their swordsmanship, without any danger of being harmed. Fencing will take place at the Helliniko surpassing Complex However, modern fencing is claimed by the Italians, Spanish and French and it is in the 18th Century the current system of rules, scoring and equipment came into place. The equipment was prescribed as the Foil, a metal mask with eye slits and a protective vest or jacket. Fencing has been included in the Olympic program. Duels were commonly used to settle disputes and its popularity real in public schools and universit ies during the nineteenth century. Today fencing is practised throughout the world with three weapons The foil which was produced for sporting purposes. The epee which was produced for infantry fighting. The sabre which was produced as a cavalry weapon. The womens foil was first contested at the 1924 Games, but it was not until 1996 that womens epee followed. WHO began fencing as a sport? When was womens fencing included in the Olympic program? What equipment is needed? ROWING Rowing began as a utilitarian activity, when it provided the power for transport in industrial towns and warships. By the 18th century there were over 40 000 watermen and frequent contest were common. By the 19th century the standard of rowing was increasing. Professionalism was also increasing and as this did so rowing races attracted an wondrous following. However the professionals soon began to coach amateur crews and it is due to this rise in amateurism and the power he ld by middle class administrators that professionalism declined. The firsts were heavy and wide, with fixed seats and oars be on

Coming of Age in Hemingways Indian Camp and Joyces Araby Essay

Coming of Age in Hemingways Indian Camp and Joyces ArabyIn reading Hemingways Indian Camp and Joyces Araby, about 2 young boys not so ceremonial passage to lifes coming of age. The protagonist Nick in Indian Camp witnessed in one night the joy of going on a journey to an unknown destination with his father and uncle Charlie. Later, Nick receives an expedited course in life and death. Joyces Araby protagonist whis friends with Mangan but has a secret desirable infatuation with his sister. The young protagonist in this absolutely story eventually come to terms with being deceived by a womans beauty into doing something naively rash. Hemingways protagonist, Nick, in the short story Indian Camp rides curiously asking where are we going, Dad? (28). Yet, being secure while Nick lay back with his fathers arm most him (28). Upon arrival of the shanty lined beach, lifes lesson begins to unfold. Nicks sympathy for the woman screaming in pain because of delivering a baby without anaesthetic unleashed a feeling of compassion. Nicks apathy for the last-place stage of the...

acts of non-conformity: admonished or admired? Essay -- essays researc

Acts of non-conformity should either be admonished or admired, I feel, depending on circumstance and the effect that bit has on people. separately and every act is unique and different and may either have a negative or positive effect on people. It is the result of the act of non-conformity where we can truly decide whether it should be admired or admonished. Acts of non-conformity which have a positive effect on people, or show that a soulfulness is comfortable being an individual, should be admired as they take great courage to perform them. If an act of non-conformity also displays a persons individuation and self pride I feel this should be greatly admired because it is often hard for many people in todays fiat to be different and individual, because great emphasis is placed on conformity i...

Understanding the Holocaust through Art Spiegelmans Maus Essay

The experience of being in the Holocaust is hard to imagine. The physical pain and fear that a survivor of the Holocaust felt could never fully be understood by anyone other than a fellow survivor. The children of survivors may not feel the physical pain and agony as their parents did, precisely they do feel the psychological effects. For this reason Artie and his father could never connect. The Holocaust built a wall surrounded by them that was hard to climb. Artie makes an attempt to overcome the wall between him and his father by writing the comic Maus about his fathers life in hopes to recruit closer to him and understand him better, yet he struggles in looking past his fathers picky habits and hypocritical attitude. Arties father, Valdek, as he knew him ontogenesis up was stingy. He was stingy with money, nutrient, matches, and even toothpicks. All the food on his plate had to be eaten, or it would be served to him the next night and the night later on that until it w as gone. Valdeks obsessive behavior about not wasting anything aggravated Artie to no end. He grabs paper towels from restrooms so he wont consume to buy napkins or tissues, vented Artie to his stepmother. Once Artie used an extra match and Valdek yelled at him for his wastefulness. His life could never compare to how hard Valdeks was, and this fazed Artie. At the very opening of the story, Artie cries because his friends leave him when he falls off his skates and his father tells him that, If you lock them together in a room with no food for a week then you could see what it is, friends All things relate to the Holocaust for Valdek and this makes Artie feel guilty for not having such a hard life and for that tonicity of guilt Artie becomes angry and distances himself fr... ...in his life still plagued him. As a result he wrote Maus. It not only allowed him to enter into his fathers dry land, but too gave him an objective view of his relationship with his father. He spent many afternoons with his father in his pursuit of understanding. He became aware of the events in his fathers past, but still could not comprehend why his father could not put it behind him. He could not understand why other survivors of the Holocaust could convey on, but his father could not. Artie is overwhelmed by the events of his life. He is dealing with the death of his mother, and a father who cant let go of the past. He longs to understand the world of his father and talk to him once without arguing, but the walls have been built up too high that even after his fathers death, although more enlightened, he is just as confused as to who his father was.

Personal Narrative I am a daydreamer Essay -- Narrative Essay

I am Just Another DaydreamerI am a dreamer, and am always in deep thought. Everything that goes on in my life and all that goes on around me is played and replayed repeatedly in my head. I esteem about why things happen, and imagine what might happen in the future. I think about how things could have been and about how things can be. When I was asked where I take care myself in three years, immediately an entire scenario played in my head. I imagined myself going to school, living on my own, preparing to own my own boutique, and just being that true college student. The entire setting changes constantly but my goals tend to stay the same.The incessant buzzing makes me roll over and slap the alarm clock 1200, date to go to class. I drag myself out from under my bright orange 300 count sheets. I slip on my slippers and drag myself into the bathroom, only to rule a big curly knot at the top of my head, with scattered tendrils sticking out, like they have a mind of their own. I jump into the shower down and tame this crazy hair of mine. I walk out of the bathroom, to see my roommate...

Having a child with a disability Essay -- essays research papers

When Andy was born I was the happiest woman on Earth. When I saw his well-favored face and his tiny body I cried, I will never forget that moment. We stayed in the infirmary for three days. That first night back from the hospital Andy didnt do anything but cry all night long. I did not know what to do, this was my first child, and I didnt know how to calm him down. I called the Doctor and he explained to me that this was the normal behavior for a first born child, and he just needed to adjust to the new environment. I would give Andy his milk, revision his diaper, hold him, sing to him, but nothing would stop Andys crying. We didnt much sleep. That week my husband had to work so I had to deal with Andy by myself, which was frustrating. Finally after about a week Andy gave up some. His dad couldnt even get close to him because he would start crying again, because Andy couldnt be held or fed by anyone but me. I had to spend every minute of the day with him to the point that I had t o put a mattress in his room so I could get some sleep. I slept in his room for a whole class. There werent a lot of changes in Andys behavior during that year. The Doctor didnt know what was wrong with him, and I didnt know what I was going to do.Taking care of Andy was a serious time job for me. Ever since Andy was born my whole manners style changed. My husband, Jack, started working long hours because he didnt want to stay at alkali and deal with Andy. I couldnt go out by myself or with my friends any more. I had to manage Andy with me everywhere I went. Basically, I didnt have a social life anymore. My relationship with my husband was also going down the drain because we never spent any quality time together. My whole life was a big mess at that Cabarcas 2point, but whenever I saw Andys face he made my heart smile.Andy was a year old and he didnt talk much I got worried, but the Doctor told me to wait a few more months because boys inject a little bit longer than girls to start talking, so I did. In despite of all the frustration and despair I always showed Andy a lot of love. My husband also realized that he was being selfish by leaving all the responsibility to me. He took some responsibility upon himself to take care of Andy so he could get closer to him. Andy was very aggressive sometimes and whenever his dad tried to touch him, he would get away from his dad and start run... ...ee and a half years. In the near future I want Andy to go to a specialized school for where he could learned more that what he al fake now until now.THE ENDI chose this disability because I have a friend who has an autistic child and I babysit for her sometimes. This child is a wonderful child I baby-sit him and his sister and the are so cute together I really love these kids. I dont charge their mom any money to take care of them I just like to spend time with them. Al l this kid likes is to go outside and play, and when hes tired he just comes to me, takes my hand and shows me what he wants. He is talking a lot more now that what he did a year ago. He is a child that I admire because he has come such a long way and has overcome many obstacles. I really liked writing this Cabarcas 5paper because I never put my self in that situation and it isnt easy at all to deal with a disable child everyday of your life. That is a challenge that I dont know if Im ready to take. I was afraid to write this paper at the beginning because I was afraid that this could happen to me, but I leave everything in the hands of God. I say this because Im pregnant now and anything could happen.

Having a child with a disability Essay -- essays research papers

When Andy was born I was the happiest woman on Earth. When I saw his beautiful face and his lilliputian body I cried, I will never forget that florists chrysanthemument. We stayed in the hospital for three days. That first night back from the hospital Andy didnt do anything but cry all night long. I did not know what to do, this was my first pip-squeak, and I didnt know how to calm him down. I called the Doctor and he explained to me that this was the normal mien for a first born child, and he just needed to adjust to the new environment. I would give Andy his milk, change his diaper, hold him, piffle to him, but nothing would stop Andys crying. We didnt much sleep. That week my economise had to work so I had to weed with Andy by myself, which was frustrating. Finally after(prenominal) about a week Andy gave up some. His dad couldnt even get close to him because he would start crying again, because Andy couldnt be held or fed by anyone but me. I had to spend every minute of the day with him to the point that I had to put a mattress in his room so I could get some sleep. I slept in his room for a whole year. There werent a lot of changes in Andys behavior during that year. The Doctor didnt know what was wrong with him, and I didnt know what I was going to do.Taking care of Andy was a full time channel for me. Ever since Andy was born my whole heart style changed. My husband, Jack, started working long hours because he didnt want to stay at home and deal with Andy. I couldnt go out by myself or with my friends anymore. I had to take Andy with me everywhere I went. Basically, I didnt have a social life anymore. My relationship with my husband was also going down the drain because we never spent any quality time together. My whole life was a great mess at that Cabarcas 2point, but whenever I saw Andys face he made my heart smile.Andy was a year old and he didnt talk much I got worried, but the Doctor told me to wait a few more months because boys take a teeny-weeny bit longer than girls to start talking, so I did. In despite of all the frustration and despair I always showed Andy a lot of love. My husband also realized that he was being selfish by leaving all the responsibility to me. He took some responsibility upon himself to take care of Andy so he could get closer to him. Andy was very aggressive sometimes and whenever his dad tried to touch him, he would get away from his dad and start run... ...ee and a half years. In the near future I want Andy to go to a specialized school for where he could learned more that what he already now until now.THE ENDI chose this disability because I have a friend who has an autistic child and I babysit for her sometimes. This child is a wonderful child I baby-sit him and his sister and the are so cute together I very love these kids. I dont charge their mom any money to take care of them I just like to spend time with them. Al l this kid likes is to go outside and play, and when hes tired he just comes to me, takes my hand and shows me what he wants. He is talking a lot more now that what he did a year ago. He is a child that I admire because he has come such a long way and has overcome many obstacles. I really liked writing this Cabarcas 5paper because I never put my self in that situation and it isnt easy at all to deal with a disable child everyday of your life. That is a challenge that I dont know if Im ready to take. I was apprehensive to write this paper at the beginning because I was afraid that this could happen to me, but I leave everything in the hands of God. I say this because Im pregnant now and anything could happen.

Analysis of Conflict Essay

Beijing hertz is a 2001 Chinese drama film under the joint venture of the Taiwanese Arc Light Films and the French Pyramide Productions. stark(a) first-time actors Cui Lin and Li Bin, This film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival and won the Jury Grand Prix and New Talent Award. This film is a perfect example of the generation the director Wang Xiaoshuai grew up in. The people that comprise Beijing as well as the lifestyle they lived are well portrayed in this film. The affectionate status along with the primary characteristics of the movie such as the bicycle (an extremely common enforce of transportation during this period in chinaware) and mail bringing were great facets to portrayal of Sixth Generation china.The conflicts faced through the two primary characters are symbolic of the issues Wang attempts to express, and leaves an important impact on the difference surrounded by stereotypical China and the collection of unique rough life experiences that nee ded to be expressed with the Chinese people. Through this film Beijing Bicycle I will investigate the work of Wang Xiaoshuai, a famous Sixth Generation director, and explain the particular kindly, frugal, and policy-making trends that Wang expresses through this film while exploring the historical periods that brought agriculture to these issues as well the socio-economic divisions of change.The emergence of the Sixth Generation Directors in the global film market was closely connected to the semipolitical currency attri howevered to their films underground mathematical product in China. The early films directed by Zhang Yuan, Wan Xiaoshuai, and Jia Zhangke, for example were a good deal referred to as underground films by festivals and the media because of their taboo subjects, production outside Chains official studio system and censorship bureaucracy, and their illegal submission to (or screening at) international film festivals outside China (Chris Berry 2003,35).The under ground phenomenon in untried Chinese cinema from mainland China is a result of global and local politics. However, underground ethnical production is not unique to China and has great vastness of historicizing Chinas underground cinema. This in part force out be accomplished by avoiding the pitf every(prenominal) of assuming that underground film in China is a product of an absolute dichotomy between legal and illegal film production, official sanction versus official censure, and market availability versus proscribed access.The ethnical Revolution and its lasting effects transcriptionally, the heathenish Revolution was an assault on the middle levels of the Chinese bureaucracy, in an attempt to make them less bureaucratic and more(prenominal) open to mass participation. The idea was to enforce communism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and to impose Maoist orthodoxy inwardly the Party. Economically, radical prag matism represented pursuit of some ethnic Revolutionary goals, but not others. Essentially most economic activity was halted, with revolution, regardless of interpretation, existence the primary objective of the country. Equalization of economic differences between city and countryside remained an operative goal, with vigorous efforts undertaken to provide machinery, fertilizer, and construction materials to agricultural communes and to extend educational and public health services deeper into plain areas. (HARRY HARDING 2009, 70) Ironically, the ten years of the ethnical Revolution brought Chinas education system to a virtual halt.Many intellectuals were sent to rural labor camps, and many of those who survived left China shortly after the revolution ended. The Cultural Revolution also brought to the forefront numerous internal power struggles within the Communist party, many of which had little to do with the epicr battles between Party atomic form 82ers, but resulted inste ad from local factionalism and petty rivalries that were usually unrelated to the revolution itself. Because of the higgledy-piggledy political environment, local political relations lacked organization and stability, if they existed at all. Members of different factions often fought on the streets, and political assassinations, particularly in predominantly rural provinces, were common. There was a expressed struggle in local authority, with a tremendous need for population restructuring. Social, Economic, and governmental Trends in China since the Cultural Revolution The imprint of the idealistic goals of the Cultural Revolution is misleading.China since the Cultural Revolution has seen the redefinition of policy in social and economic ideals as well as the re-allocation of political power. Many changes were made and equalization of peasant incomes within communes was no longer actively sought. For instance, in the beginning of 1970, Peking announced that the production team (the smallest collective agricultural unit within the commune) would remain the basic unit of accounting (HARRY HARDING 2009, 71). This meant, in effect, that no effort would be made to redistribute resources from richer to poorer production teams. It was now viewed that egalitarianism would only lead to weaken peasant motivation and morale. There contained a highly volatile combination of unspecified policies mixed with fragmented power that allowed decent pursuit of proper leadership in a more systematic and realistic way.Important shifts occurred with restoration of organizational discipline, acceptance of certain economic inequalities, an accommodative and conciliatory unusual policy, and even signs of intellectual and artistic liberalization. Thus, the long-term success for the campaign by the Cultural Revolution to reduce bureaucratic ideals (red tape, duplication of function, overstaffing, and inefficiency) is uncertain. Every prominent possibility of organizational behavio r, as well as the history of Chinas own organizations, suggests that organizational problems hit not been completely solved. Arguable, the rapid rate of economic increment is impeded by the lack of systematic knowledge about managing in highly valuable dynamic contexts.Not only is competition immensifying in China, but the rules regulate competition are also changing. These conditions raise fundamental economic, sociological, and organizational questions about management during periods of transition (Anne Tsui 2004, 134). And yet, at the foundation, mass participation in governmental affairs is still very much in evidence with attempts still being made to reduce disparities in income between city and countryside (HARRY HARDING 2009, 76). China today is simply not the same as it was before the Cultural Revolution. The formulation of moderate social, economic, and organizational policies has been accompanied by explicit repudiation of the excesses of the Cultural Revolution.What gu ided the Directors experiences and faces emerging from post-cultural RevolutionThe Cultural Revolution has often been described as a decade of turbulence and catastrophe in cinema. Insomuch as cinema is concerned, feature production was suspended from 1967 to 1969. A total of 598 features and over 1,000 documentary, animation and educational titles that had been produced in the proceeding seventeen years, as well as 883 foreign features, were sealed and stored. (Yingjin Zhang 2004, 217) However, upgrade from this revolution, heroism, collectivism, and optimism characterized socialist cinema, which functions primarily as a historical discourse designed to legitimize the CCP regime and its political hegemony in the PRC. As discourse, socialist cinema reconstructed a utopian revolutionary or socialist family in which individuals are given critical moments to throw off their own private fantasies, discipline and revitalize themselves by voluntary participation in collective work.The acceptance in individuals in the grand family, most often symbolized by their hard-earned CCP membership, is often projected as a group ceremony. Narrative structures of obstacle-fighting-victory and ordinary folk-revolutionary-hero are simultaneously filmic ingredients and key components of the new post-revolution. To get away from political constraints and to probe beneath the ideological surface of Chinese films, a number of scholars shifted their attention to films aesthetic effect, narrative structure, and thematic concerns from the mid-1980s on, and the result is what I call the history of film art (Yingjin Zhang 1999, 9).Other issues the director was directly impacted by as seen through the film Beijing Bicycle is the societal movement to take on a police perspective. Discoveries show that with each passing year, the number of criminals tracked down in Beijing from within the ranks of the immigration increases. From 18.5 per cent of criminals in 1986, it increased to 18.6 p er cent in 1987 and then jumped to 24.6 per cent in 1988 (Michael Dutton 1992, 89).The films expression of China through CyclingA primary expression that the Director Wang Xiaoshuai uses in the film is the appropriation of cycling as a cultural technique for travel and inter-relations. China, even today, is known to contain one of the largest fleets of bicycles in the world. To assess the degree to which the introduction of modern technological products challenged Chinese society at the end of the 19th century and later, one has to take into account the continuous action toward industrialization and modernization in China. In the 1930s, the Chinese cycle industry came into being. Nearly synchronously, the three largest importers of bicycles Tongchang Chehang (Shanghai), Changcheng (Tianjin), and Daxing (Shenyang) established their production lines. Starting around 1929/1930, with the manufacture of manufactured and imported cycle parts, the enterprises grew rapidly.The combined out put of the Chinese bicycle industry reached 10,000 units annually between 1937 and 1945. By the mid-1930s, Chinese cycle history reached a stage comparable to that of Western Europe around the turn of the last century. A rapid increase in numbers of cyclists in the larger cities can be observed shortly after mass production was taken up. Prices now finally reached a level, which brought the bicycle within the reach of a wider population. The number of bike owners in Shanghai (3.5 million inhabitants) constantly increased to 230,000 in the late 1940s. China-wide, there may pack been half a million bicycles in 1949. The year 1949 marks the pivotal year in Chinese national history in both cycle history and the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.The bicycle soon found a strong advocate in the communist government. The bicycle received strong support by the government in three principal ways the cycle industry, urban street planning, and financial subsidies. The nascent bicycle i ndustry thus was able to accomplish harvest rates of 58.7% annually -ambitiously charted out in the first Chinese Five-Year-Plan (Esfehani Amir 2012). The level of one million bicycles was reached in 1958. It seems that economic and modern infrastructural reasons, rather than cultural preconditions explain Chinas development into the bicycle nation of the 20th century. Todays ubiquity of the bicycle in China has led to the far-flung assumption of a cultural inclination of Chinese to bicycling.The films expression of China through EducationThe Cultural Revolution led to a temporary step-down in educational homogamy in urban China, which was eventually reversed when the Cultural Revolution ended. During the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-76), radical de-stratification policies reversed the social order and weakened educational value in urban China in three extreme ways. First, the impact of education as an intra-generational stratification machine decreased. Second, th e significance of education as a reproduction mechanism of stratification also declined. Lastly, the traditional cultural status of education as highly set was attacked. Formal education was disrupted in urban areas. In the aftermath of this decline in enlightenment, the post-Cultural Revolution era (1977-94), educational value regained its strength in urban China. To achieve market-oriented economic reform, the government resorted to education and honored intellectuals.In 1978 the new Chairman Deng Xiaoping stated, Intellectuals are part of the proletariat (Lijun Song 2009, 259. Education became more and more prominent as a criterion for selecting a mate. Consequently individuals, especially the college education were more likely to meet potential partners in school than would have been possible during the Cultural Revolution. Also, an upsurge of divorce appeared in the early 1980s, due to the reestablished importance of education. The household registration system continued to e nhance urban educational homogeneity. After the abolition of the examinations in 1979, the curricula of many schools were modernized to include training in science, mathematics, and foreign languages (Patricia Ebrey 1981, 254).Evidence of Social and Economic ChangeHow one sums up the particular balance of social and economic change in culture is up to the individual. The formulation of moderate social, economic, and organizational policies has been accompanied by an explicit repudiation of the excesses of the Cultural Revolution (HARRY HARDING 2009, 76). China today is simply not the same as it was before the Cultural Revolution. While some central and provincial radicals have been purged, political power in China is still fragmented, divided among provincial representatives, second-echelon military leaders, the civilian bureaucracy, and a few respectable radicals. The second legacy of the Cultural Revolution has not yet been overcome. The amount of attention China places on economi c statistics at the beginning of the year indicates a new confidence in the health of the Chinese economy. Moreover, findings provide evidence that both the cultural reproduction model and the cultural mobility model have applicability to the Chinese (Yuxiao Wu 2008, pg 201).Since the economic reform in 1978, China has been one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. However, this growth has not shared equality across China, and regional inequality has become an important topic of pedantic inquiry and government policy. Rural-urban inequality is the major component of country-level regional inequality in China. It should not be forgotten that China is still a large agricultural nation. According to the 200 Population Census, rural population accounted for 63.91 per cent of the total (Hui Liu 2006, 378). This reflects not only the income level (per capita income) but also the economic development level or gross value of rural social product, and economic structure (agricultur al output, and non-agricultural output).It is interesting the lack of acceptance by urban dwelling people, as this distinction between inter-regional and intra-regional inequality is important to government organizations as these are the focus of both regional problems and government policies in China. It is well known that regional inequality has a close relationship with regional development. Rural-urban migration is pushed by rising agricultural productivity and pulled by the increasing demand for the industrial products and services with the rising income of the national population. In the demo-economic model of rural-urban migration, it is assumed that the demand and supply of urban and rural labor are balanced in the process of industrialization and urbanisation (Jianfa Shen 1998, 33). The problem lies in the rapid urbanization process in recent years caused by a liberal migration policy and rising agricultural productivity. It appears that the ample problem previously hidden in the rural areas is now being shifted to the urban areas.Migration was tightly controlled by the government in the pre-reform period. This was effectively achieved by the use of residence registration, grain rationing, hob allocation and housing control. Government policies regarding urbanization and migration have changed in the reform period urbanization is now regarded as a positive process which can stimulate socio-economic development, and the control of rural-urban migration has been more or less relaxed. China in the 1990s saw unprecedented changes in all the areas of social life. Particularly profound were the changes in the economic and cultural spheres. As the country shifted from a planned to a market economic system, its economy took off, but new social problems, such as unemployment and increasing social inequality, followed as well. These economic developments have also been accompanied by the rise of new cultural values, notably materialism (Guobin Yang 2003, 273). Bibliography1) Anne S. Tsui, Claudia Bird Schoonhoven, Marshall W. Meyer, Chung-Ming Lau and George T. Milkovich Organization and Management in the Midst of Societal Transformation The Peoples Republic of China Organization Science , Vol. 15, No. 2 (Mar. Apr., 2004), pp. 133-144 2) Berry, Chris. Chinese Films in Focus II. Basingstoke, Hampshire England Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Print. 3) Dutton, Michael Robert. Streetlife China. Cambridge, UK Cambridge UP, 1998. Print. 4) Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. Chinese Civilization and Society A Sourcebook. New York Free, 1981. Print. 5) Esfehani, Amir. The Bicycle And The Chinese People the Bicycle as a Metaphor for the Early Influence of Western Technology in China. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. . 6) Guobin Yang Chinas Zhiqing Generation Nostalgia, Identity, and Cultural Resistance in the 1990s Modern China , Vol. 29, No. 3 (Jul., 2003), pp. 267-296 7) Harry Harding Political Trends in China Since the Cultural Revolution Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , Vol. 402, China in the World Today (Jul., 1972), pp. 67-82 8) Hui Liu Changing Regional Rural Inequality in China 1980-2002 Area , Vol. 38, No. 4 (Dec., 2006), pp. 377-389 9) Jianfa Shen Chinas Future Population and Development Challenges The Geographical Journal , Vol. 164, No. 1 (Mar., 1998), pp. 32-40 10) Lijun Song The Effect of the Cultural Revolution on Educational Homogamy in Urban China Social Forces, Volume 88, Number 1, September 2009, pp. 257-270 (Article) 11) Yuxiao Wu Cultural Capital, the State, and Educational Inequality in China, 19491996 Sociological Perspectives Vol. 51, No. 1 (Spring 2008) (pp. 201-227) 12) Zhang,Yingjin. Chinese National Cinema. New York Routledge, 2004. Print.

Emilia in Othello: A complete Transformation

During the sixteenth century, men were able to control their wives and women were not able to speak out against their hubbys, including genus genus Emilia, a character in William Shakespeares play Othello, is only underestimated by every character, including her economise, Iago. In the beginning of the play, Emilia is submissive, but in the end she transforms and stands up to her husband and doesnt let him get away with any of his manipulations. At the beginning of the play, Emilia is fill inly submissive and couldnt argue with Iago whatsoever, no matter what he said and she was willing to do anything, as long at it helped him succeed.When Iago dialog about women, he really has nothing nice to hypothecate. In fact, when Iago is slandering women and talking about Emilia and she doesnt stand up to him, only Desdemona does, telling Iago to stop talking about Emilia so harshly. He says, players in your huswifery and huswives in your bed, saying that women are only good for cleaning and in bed (2. 1. 121-125). Iago goes on to say women talk to much and are practically useless. Desdemona refutes Iago, but Emilia cannot.Another example of Emilias submission is when she and Desdemona are talking about why people cheat and Emilia says that she would cheat on her husband, not if thither was any benefit to her, but if it would benefit her husband, she wouldnt think twice (4. 3. 81-87). Emilia begins the play completely submissive to her husband and unable to defend herself against the awful things he says. Then, towards the middle of Act five, Emilia begins to put Iagos manipulations unneurotic and is wary of his motivations.As soon as Emilia hears that Desdemona has been killed, she, Othello and Iago are disquisition and Emilia begins to question Iago, saying, disprove this villian if thou best a man, Iago responds saying that he told Othello what he thought was true and Emilia continues to try and figure out what Iago has spun together (5. 2. 210-214). Then, whe n Emilia pieces more than of Iagos complex puzzle of manipulations, she begins to get angry saying to Iago, you told a lie, an odious, damned lie Upon my soul, a lie, a wicked lie (5. 2.216-218).Emilia makes an accusation, claiming her husband is the reason every whiz has been killed, in front of numerous other men. This was extremely bold of her because during this time, women were taught to obey their husbands. Emilia is the one who Iago shouldve known best, the easiest to trick, but instead shes the only one who can and does begin to reveal Iagos complete manipulations of every single other character. Here, Emilia begins her complete transformation from being completely submissive to defying Iagos commands.As the drama continues, Emilia completely reveals Iagos manipulations along with the many lies that he has told all the other characters. Emilia finally puts all the pieces of Iagos web of manipulations together, and realizes the complete terror that he has caused. When Emil ia is call into question Iago, he tells her to be quiet and leave them alone. Emilia responds back angrily, I will not charm my tounge. I am bound to speak. My mistress here lies murdered in her bed (5. 2. 220-221) Emilia knows what has happened and knows that she needs to tell everyone before the situation gets even worse and even more people die.Then, Emilia continues on telling everyone what happened and Iago continues to threaten her to be quiet. Here, Emilia begins her ultimate reveal. She tells Othello, O thou dull moor, that hankercheif thou speakst of, I found my fortune, and did give my husband-For often, with a solemn earnestness, more than indeed belonged to such a trifle, he begged of me to steal it (5. 2. 267-272) Emilia finally tells everyone that she is the one who found the hankercheif, that Cassio did not get the hankercheif from Desdemona and that there is no way Desdemona was swindling on Othello.The end of act five is where Emilia completely makes her transform ation from being an silent, obedient wife, to accusing her husband of murder in public. Therefore, Emilia is underestimated by every character because of her complete obedience to her husband, Iago. Then, as Iagos plans come to light, Emilia is the first to solve Iagos puzzle of manipulations and bring them to light in front of many other Venetian men, which was completely surprising to everyone because women at this time were not meant to speak out in public against their husbands and their husbands were supposed to have their wives in complete submission.

Information security Essay

almost nerves today argon adopting and integrating technologies in their production with an aim of improving production, efficiency, profitability and the competitive advantage in the market. This has been accelerated by the increasing globalization and innovation of invigorated technologies which pose a major competitive threat to galore(postnominal) organizations. Also, formulation of environmental standards as closely as change magnitude expectation on the standards and quality of goods and services by both the government and customers has also necessitated betrothal of new technologies to discover this is met. saucy technologies in use today like the web 2. 0 and also the new internet as considerably as wireless technologies have led to increased efficiencies as well as increased productivity for near organizations. However, despite the advantages which accrue from introduction and use of new technologies in organizations, they pose major guarantor threats to an organ ization. Data hijack by criminals as well as terrorism threats be some of the challenges that organizations are liner during new technology implementation processes (Bazelon, Choi & Canady, 2006).Security issues in regard to new technologies implementation in an organization Security is a top concern for most business since it whitethorn lead to destruction of a companys reputation thus affecting the competitiveness of an entity. With increased globalization and increased terrorist threats, pledge risks have increased posing a major threat to most organizations. One of the major threats that companies face while implementing schooling technologies are the risk of losing or protecting sensitive data.Information technologies especially via internet and other wireless technologies are accessible globally which poses a major threat to an organization. Organizations hold mystical and sensitive information regarding their employees, production processes and also marketing strategies which are vital for competitive advantage. However, with technology implementation, and the dynamism in technology, such data may be accessed by unauthorized individuals causing a business great harm in terms of profitability. This also exposes the employees as well as an organizations customers at risk of fraudulent activities via technologies.Information security experts insist that just like information networks operate or cross borders with no regard for the provincial and national boundaries, also security vulnerabilities and threats pass in the same way thus necessitating greater and stern security measures to go out that the threats are minimized (Hinojosa, 2005). another(prenominal) threat that organizations are facing is terrorist attacks and threats. Currently, there are many terrorist groups which operate globally and they employ high technologies to carry out their tasks and to harass businesses and employees as well as the customers.An increase in global terrorist org anizations in the world that are connected via the new technologies poses a major security threats to most organizations in the world. Terrorists may not only be interested with soliciting the financial and production processes of an organization, but also the structural and day to days activities of an organization with an aim of identifying weak areas or points which could be used to attack an organization. This is made possible by new technologies which enable then to tamper the security measures taken by an organization to ensure that it is protected (Sussman, 2008).Phishing and data mining is also another information security risk that is faced by organizations during implementation of technologies in an organization. Phishing refers to the unauthorized use of person-to-person information of another person which is obtained through networks. It also involves alteration of an individuals computer software with an aim of obtaining the computer owners face-to-face information by scrupulous individuals and for the purposes of defrauding the person or harming their reputation or career.With implementation of new technologies in an organization, the entity is enabled to sell its goods and services online and all the transactions are carried without having to meet the customer or the client. While making the payments, a client gives his private financial data depending on the mode of payment which he or she uses. Computer criminals have a way of tampering with or gaining access of such information which they can manipulate to make purchases while pretending to be the clients.The business thus faces a risk of being sued by a client on such grounds and for lack of adequate protection measures. This has increased the cost of implementing technology especially with different cases of security breach being reported today. Organizations are supposed to ensure that the private information of their clients and employees are well protected and that their privacy is up held despite the cost this may involve (Ena, 2008). Risk of loss of important documents by an organization has also been a major security issue while implementing information technology.Apart from the risk of terrorist threats and phishing, an organization also faces the risk of losing vital information through dangerous programs such as the viruses which are transmitted via the internet and other networks. If such programs find their way to the computers and other technologies in a company, a company may risks losing most of its vital information as these programs corrupts the whole network system in an area. This could be dangerous for and organization as it may lead of cut productivity, increased costs and reduced earnings (Blankespoor, 2005).With increased awareness of information security threats increasing in the world, the attackers have changed their tactics posing even a major threat to an organization. Most of the attackers are usually professional information technologis ts who invent new methods of accessing data from an organization despite the security measures taken. As mentioned earlier, technology is changing at a very high speed and so are the security threats to an organization. The dynamism of technology is a risk which cost organizations heavily as they try to forestall pace with it.While implementing new technologies, organizations are also faced with the problem of testing the validity of the technology. Most of the cases involving security breach end up being the problem in an organization. IT companies exonerate themselves by arguing that lack of adequate security policies in an organization are the major causes of any cost that an organization may incur (Wallace, Lusthaus. & Kim, 2005). Conclusion Information technology is a major strategy that has enabled most of the businesses to perform well in terms of growth and expansion.New technologies have been on high demand in the recent past especially as most organizations go global whic h necessitates networking. Technology improves the efficiency, effectiveness and the boilersuit productivity of an entity. However, it poses major threats to the privacy of a company as well as its clients and employees. Stern security measures should be taken to ensure that technology implantation in an organization does not turn out to be more costly. This can be done though formulation of technology security policies and procedures to ensure privacy is upheld.

Abortion and Ethics Essay

For this weeks discussion/ presentation we discussed the topic miscarriage. miscarriage is the exhalation of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of a fetus or embryo from the uterus of a woman. There are devil types of abortion procedures the first is called medical/ chemical which involves the use of drugs to terminate pregnancy and can only be employ during the first trimester. The second type of abortion is surgical which involves the use of a vacuum, either manual or electrical. Birth authority is also known as contraceptive or fertility underwrite and is a common method used to prevent pregnancy. I will be discussing recent developments in birth control. Does implantable birth control open the introduction to outside control of a womans body? My answer is yes. Birth control allows a woman to control unexpected pregnancies to happen. I personally think it is the best way to improve our communities and it helps lower the percentage of people living in poverty due to unp lanned pregnancies. Implantable birth control is entails a small device inserted into the uterus to help prevent conception.See moreFirst Poem for You EssayImplantable birth control is widely known for its rush it and forget it use. Implantable birth control is what most modern day women use in our current decade and surprisingly it is widely accepted. People have used birth control methods for thousands of years. Today, we have many safe and effective birth control methods available to us. All of us who need birth control command to find the method that is best for us. And each of us has different needs when choosing a method. Learning about each method may help you choose a better decision for you and significant other. Is the morning- afterward pill equivalent to abortion? In my opinion the morning -after pill is not equivalent to abortion. My reason for this mastery is that the morning after pill is used before conception, in other words I consider it to be a preventable mea sure. The morning after pill is also known as plan B the plan B pill was first approved by the FDA in 1999 for emergency contraceptive method use, was originally manufactured by Barr Pharmaceuticals.It contains a hormone that has been used in birth control pills for more than 35 years. Today, its made by Teva Pharmaceuticals who bought Barr. In 2006 the agency approved Plan B for over-the-counter use in women aged 18 years and older. Its now available over-the-counter for women 17 and older. The pill can be used up to 72 hours after unprotected sex to prevent a pregnancy. What about still-unavailable methods like contraceptive vaccines or pills or a patch that render a man infertile?Contraceptive vaccines are a long-acting form of progesterone, a hormone that is naturally manufactured in the ovaries. The shot is given as an injection in the upper arm or in the buttocks once every 3 months to protect a woman from becoming pregnant. A birth control patch has the same effect except th ere is no injection. These kinds of birth control methods all serve the same purpose to control the possibility of becoming pregnant. To conclude this topic, birth control of course, has serious side effects and should invariably be taken into careful consideration before use or insertion.In my opinion, it is a safe way to prevent pregnancy and it is not considered abortion. spontaneous abortion is killing an innocent human being with life. Birth control is simply a prevention method. We all have different opinions, views, personal and religious backgrounds. I am not, nor will I ever force or impose my thoughts on abortion and the use of birth control on others. This is a apologize country and we as humans pick and choose our battles.ReferencesDombrink, J., & Hillyard, D. (2007). Sin No More From Abortion to Stem Cells, Understanding Crime, Law, and Morality in America. New York Univeristy Press. Rose, M. (2008). Abortion A Documentary and Reference Guide. Greenwood Press. Swed in, E. (2005). Science in the Contemporary World An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO.

Meaning Of Research According To Different Authors Essay

Research is a c arful, systematic and objective probe conducted to obtain valid facts, draw conclusions and established principles regarding an identifiable problem in some field of knowledge. -Clarke and ClarkeResearch is a systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, theories and concepts, resulting in prediction for seeing and perhaps ultimate control of events. -John .W. BestResearch is a careful enquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles, a diligent investigation to ascertain something. -Clifford WoodyIt is the process of arriving at dependable solution to the problems through the planned and systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data. -MouleyIn the broadest sense of the word, the definition of query includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge. -Martyn ShuttleworthResearch is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue. It consists of three steps Pose a question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question. -Creswella studious interrogative sentence or examination especially investigation or testation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of innovative facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws -The Merriam-Webster Online DictionaryResearch is a systematic, formal, rigorous and precise process employed to gain solutions to problems or to discover and interpret new facts and relationships. -Waltz and Bausell, 1981Research is the process of looking for a specific answer to a specific question in an organized, objective, reliable way. -Payton, 1979Research is systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena. K erlinger, 1973Research is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison and experiment the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solutions to a problem. -Kothari, 2006Importance of Studying ResearchResearch is important because it gives direction to plenteousness with a specific problem. Whether the problem is thoroughly solved or not is not the forte of the research work. Accumulating amicable and all the possible solutions hypothetically are in itself considered a commendable achievement.

History Of The Spanish Inquisition Of The 15th Century Essay

The Spanish Inquisition is usually synonymous with persecution, brutality and one-man rule and it is thought to be the forerunner of the covert regulatory bodies of contemporary autocracies. Yet how accurate is this picture of an establishment set up in the late fifteenth century to route out deviation and agnosticism in that land? This report aims to place the Spanish Inquisition in its correct historical context. oscilloscope The conception of inquisitions to eliminate religious heretics was non new when, in 1478, Pope Sixtus IV sanctioned the formation of Spanish Inquisition.The monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, decided to establish a frame (which began its work in 1480) chiefly to deal with the issue of the huge numbers of converted Jews (Conversos) who were alleged of continuing to carry out tenants of the Jewish religion later on apparent conversion to Catholicism. Following the formal expulsion of all non-converted Jews from Spain in 1492, the problem of the Conversos incr eased. The roots of the Spanish Inquisition can at that placefore be traced kind of clearly back to anti-Semitism.In 1518, the Inquisition became a permanently unified body chthonic one head, the inquisitor-General . Tomas de Torquemada was appointed by the Monarchs as Grand Inquisitor of the Inquisition. The Catholic Church, under the rule of the pope in Rome was a powerful essence in Europe during the Middle ages. The decrees of the church provided the basis of rectitude and order. Christians who disagreed with catholic principles were regarded as heretics, and heresy was considered an crime against the church and the state.The inquiries into a persons faith to determine whether or not one was a heretic, was brand as the inquisition, with the inquisitors being priests or bishops who subjected a suspect to long grilling followed by terrible tortures. Death by fire was often the punishment of those who did not repent. The heretics property was then claimed by the church. Betwe en 1478 and 1502, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon took three complementary decisions. They persuaded the pope to create the Inquisition they expelled the Jews and they forced the Muslims of the kingdom of Castile to convert to Catholicism. each these measures were designed to achieve the same end the establishment of a united faith. The Christian, Muslims and Jewish communities existed tolerantly throughout the first centuries of Muslim domination and continued to do so in the Christian Spain of the 12th and 13th century. Tolerance presupposed an absence of discrimination against minorities and respect for the point of view of others. This tolerance was nowhere to be make in the Iberia of the 8th century to the 15th. Spanish archdeacon named Ferran Martinez was busy delivering a sequence of sermons in the diocese of Seville.It was his remarkable eloquence rather than the novelty of his subject which attracted an reference for he spoke only on a single theme, one that i n every age has provided an easy stalking horse for demagogues religious and civil- the iniquities of the Jews. Their veins had venom that poisoned whatever contribution they made. The Jews, he argued, had been guilty, as a body, of the greatest crime in history. They adhered to a faith that had been rejected in no uncertain vogue by the Deity.Their ceremonies were outmoded and impious, rendered those who performed them capable of the most heinous misdoings and doomed them to eternal punishment in the hereafter . ORIGIN AND AIMS Jews werent newcomers in Spain. They had been settled there since the 1st century. Documentary and archaeological evidence demonstrates their numbers at the beginning of the fourth century, long before the coming of the Arabs or the Visigoths. The latter had persecuted them, but under the moors they had flourished as nowhere else in Europe. They were an important and influential minority.Every Spanish city had its prosperous juderia, or Jewish quarter, com prised of craftsmen and weavers, goldsmiths and carpenters . The Jews had been expelled from England in 1290 by Edward I En masse. His example had been followed in France sixteen later, by Philip the Fair. The Spanish Jews considered themselves secure from anything of the sort. The activities of Martinez disturbed them but didnt alarm them. Month after month passed without any obstinate occurrence. They fell into the error of imagining that nothing would happen.It came as a shock to them when at the close of 1390, just before Christmastide, Martinez succeeded in having some synagogues in the diocese part destroyed and closed down, on the plea that they had been built without authorization. The community, alarmed, applied for protection to the council of regency then governing Castile in the name of the young king Henry III, which enjoin steps to be taken for the protection of the petitioners. Martinez was defiant, however, and his sermons were as violent as ever. On Wednesday, Ma rch 15th, 1391 his harangue was particularly effective, and his audience was roused to a high set of frenzy.On its way from the church, a turbulent crowd, thirsting with zeal and greed, surged towards the Jewish quarter, which seemed to be in imminent danger of sack. The civil authorities were at last alter to the necessity of stern measures. Seizing two of the most turbulent members of the mob, they had them flogged, turned them into martyrs overnight. After some further disturbances, order was outwardly restored but the spirit of turmoil still simmered and Martinez continued his unbridled invective from the pulpit.These seemingly unimportant disorders are to be traced some of the greatest tragedies in history the subduedest page in the dark record of the Jewish people, one of the saddest episodes in the history of human thought, and the ultimate decline of sprain from the high status to which her achievements and her genius entitled her everything, in a word, which is associ ated with the term, the Spanish Inquisition. On June 6th, a storm broke out. An infuriated mob rushed upon the juderia of Seville and put it to sack. An orgy of carnage raged the city.The dead were numbered by the hundreds, if not by the thousand. Every ruffian in the city flaunted the finery sacked from Jewish houses, or boasted the ravishing of a Jewish maiden . Through some suspicious psychology of mass psychology, the infection spread from one city to the other, and throughout Spain onslaughts on the Jews became the order of the day. The fury raged that summer and autumn, and at several places the entire Jewish community was exterminated. At Cordova, the ancient Jewish quarter, where Moses Maimonides had first seen the light, was reduced to ashes.Toledo was witness to a equivalent horrifying carnage. 70 other towns in Castile were doomed to similar incidents of terror. In Aragon, in spite of measures put into force by the authorities to suppress the mayhem, the case was common ly adhered. In Valencia, within a few days, not a single professing Jew was left alive in the entire kingdom. In Barcelona, despite a half hearted protection given by the civil authorities, the whole community was wiped out. From Catalonia, the disorders spread to the Balearic Islands, where a massacre took place on August 2nd at Palma.Outbreaks were prevented only in the kingdom of Granada thanks to the efforts of the crown, in Portugal. Elsewhere in the peninsula, hardly a single community escaped. The total no of victims was estimated as many as 50,000 . The Inquisition did not begin in Spain, but did gather notoriety there. Shortly after commencement, the Spanish Inquisition was accused of numerous abuses. Accusations of heresy ran rampant, and innocent, faithful people were unjustly punished by public trials and condemnation. This usually took the form of strangulation or burning at the stake.The Inquisition, although vastly changed and more humane, remained a strong force in S pain until the early nineteenth century . By about 1750 the Inquisition had lost its power. It had been created to eradicate all traces of Semitism in Spain. The Jews had long been expelled and two and a half centuries of persecution had eventually eliminated the Judaisers. Yet the statues of rail line purity still did not disappear in fact, in the course of the eighteenth century, they tended to multiply. They no longer constituted a serious obstacle to a career in the Church, the official administration, or civic society.By the end of the eighteenth century, essentially the Inquisition was operating as a political policing force devoted to opposing the introduction of revolutionary and liberal ideas. By this time, it seemed to have softened its attitude. It no longer published edicts of faith encouraging the faithful ad libitum to denounce their neighbors and their relatives. Nor did it any longer torture its prisoners. CONCLUSION The Spanish Inquisition was one of the most power ful organizations used to eradicate heresy and safeguard the unity of Christendom.Begun in 1478, by 1512 the Inquisition was under review for a wide range of issues from corruption, patronage and bribery. The Spanish Inquisition, first established under Queen Isabella was eventually suppressed 356 years later under Queen Isabella II, leaving its mark in the annals of Western civilization. The onset of the Enlightenment slowed down the Inquisition. It, however, wasnt until the Spanish invasion of Napoleon that the Inquisition finally came to an end in 1810, being completely abolished in 1836. It is estimated that more than 20,000 people were killed because of the Inquisition.Numerous more were subjected to torture and others had their possessions confiscated. tin Paul IIs teachings are an ever present reminder of how to learn from history we must take account of the complexity of the relationship amongst the subject who interprets and the object from the past which is interpret ed. Events or words of the past are, above all, past. As such they are not completely reducible to the exemplar of the present, but possess an objective density and complexity that prevent them from being ordered in a solely functional way for present interests.It is necessary, therefore, to court them by means of an historical-critical investigation that aims at using all of the information available, with a view to a reconstruction of the environment, of the ways of thinking, of the conditions and the living dynamic in which those events and those words are placed, in order, in such a way, to ascertain the contents and the challenges that precisely in their diversity they propose to our present time .On 12 January 2000, to mark the Catholic Churchs Jubilee, Pope John Paul II issued a document entitled Memory and Reconciliation in which he asked for forgiveness for the errors of the Church over its 2,000 year history. ? BIBLIOGRAPHY Kamen, Henry. The Spanish Inquisition An His torical Revision. London, 1997. John Paul II, Memory and Reconciliation, 2000.Finkelstein, Louis. 1970. The Jews their history. New York Schocken Books. Kohen, Elizabeth, & Elias, Marie Louise. 2004. Spain. New York Benchmark Books/ marshall Cavendish. Lea, Henry Charles. A History of the Inquisition of Spain. 4 vols. New York, 19061908. Lemieux, Simon. The Spanish Inquisition. History Review 7. 44 (2002) 44-49

Development and Learning in the Classroom

In a inverted comma mark by Columbia professor and philosopher, Mortimer Adler, The intent of acquisition is growing, and our heads, unlike our organic structures, can go on number as we continue to populate. The University of Kansas Circle of Inclusion Project defines learningally appropriate physical bodys as the construct of developmentally appropriate patterns refers to supplying an environment and offering gist, stuffs, activities, and methodological analysiss that be coordinated with a kid s degree of development and for which the person kid is ready. Three dimensions of rightness must be considered age rightness, chirruple rightness, and rightness for the cultural and societal context of the kid. A instructor s subscriber line is to do certain that what they are learning their pupils is appropriate to their pupil s degree of development. There are three chief countries of development, which are cognitive development, social-emotional development, and psychomotor development. These types of development are a portion of either pupil s life story and it is of import that instructors incorporate them into history when they are learning a crime syndicate to guarantee that every kid gets the opportunity to larn the stuff required.Cognitive development, as noted in the Classroom Assessment text edition, focuses on a kid s rational operations ( Popham, 2011, p. 35 ) . In cognitive development, there is a construct of cognitive manner, which refers to a dimension of cognitive process along which people differ from one another ( Morra, et Al, 2008, p 45 ) . When a kid reaches adolescence, commonly happening between the ages 12 and 20, m some(prenominal) alterations take topographic loony toons. Intelligent alterations both quantitatively and qualitatively during adolescence ( Gumbiner, 2003, p. 27 ) . Adolescents get down to believe faster and more expeditiously than kids, even their mathematical operations are conducted more quickly ( Gu mbiner, 2003, p. 27 ) . Jann Gumbiner continues to explicate Jean Piaget s theory of cognitive development and how an stripling enters a phase of formal operational thought, which is the concluding province of cognitive development that normally occurs around the ages of 11 and 15 ( 2003, p. 29 ) . This phase re pitchs a to the full mature, big manner of sing the universe. Adolescents in this phase execute logical operations and hypothetical-deductive logical thinking. They form hypotheses and so infer replies, whether it is intimately algebraic maps or real-world dating state of affairss ( Gumbiner, 2003, p. 29 ) . There are so qualitative alterations in the manner adolescence think virtually the universe around them that helps them to pass on better with grownups ( Gumbiner, 2003, p. 29 ) . erst art object pupils reach this degree of growing, they are eager to undertake relevant jobs, discuss and portion point of views about critical issues, and speak about ethical picks t hat impact their actions ( Crawford, 2008, p. 26 ) .The rational development of striplings has specific larning take aims. Adolescents that lose diverse cognition, involvements and abilities need the chance to develop a scope of accomplishments and prosecute a assortment of content countries ( Crawford, 2008, p. 27 ) . If an stripling is capable of critical rating, drawn-out central point, illative thought and logical thinking, they should be given the clip and chance to believe critically and be given a higher-level of analytical oppugning than they had beforehand ( Crawford, 2008, p. 27 ) .Glenda Crawford explains that a instructor s belong in learning based on cognitive acquisition is to pattern, steer, and aid as pupils think about and utilize cognitive schemes, and through pattern and everyplace clip addition a degree of attainment ( 2008, p. 69 ) . The typical characteristics of this type of learning overwhelmMold when pupils observe and listen while the instructor demonstrates and explains a undertaking.Coaching pupils perform the undertaking while the instructor supports and occupys suggestions through constructive feedback.Sequencing pupils maneuver in more ambitious and diverse undertakings as proficiency is gained.Externalizing pupils explain aloud their cognition, thought, and logical thinking.Reflecting pupils compare their thought and public presentation with that of experts.Exploring pupils are helped to use, spread out, and assail their accomplishments independently ( Crawford, 2008, p. 69 ) . fond-emotional development is what a individual learns from the environment around them. Thomas M. Brinthaupt and Richard P. Lipka explain that societal alterations begin in early to middle childhood by larning how to expect other s reactions and interiorise behavioural criterions. They begin to compare their public presentation to their ain work from the yesteryear and to those of other kids ( 2002, p. 4 ) . He continues stating that it is non until late childhood and early adolescence that ego and individuality most to the full reflect the social sphere, including egos that differ depending on the societal context. This is a clip when kids begin to demo greater independency from their house lets and when personify dealingss addition in importance and strength, peculiarly with respect to appraisals of personal competency ( Brinthaupt et al, 2002, p. 4 ) . An stripling s social-emotional growing is crafted by their cultural communities, households, equals, and schools, which in bend are set to steer individuality geographical expedition toward their personal ends, values, beliefs, and patterns ( Azmitia et al, 2008, p. 3 ) .A pupil s household plays a major function in the societal development of an juvenile adolescent. Brothers, sisters, and parents are really of import in the manner a adolescent may take to look at school. Younger siblings will look to older siblings as function theoretical accounts, such a s when an older sibling is a superb pupil, the younger sibling may besides vie to go a good pupil besides ( Gumbiner, 2003, p. 47 ) . When it comes to parents, striplings should be considered when doing determinations ( Gumbiner, 2003, p. 48 ) . A good parent to a adolescent is democratic and guides him or her into doing their ain intelligent, cagy determinations. Parents and striplings can discourse family regulations, appropriate haunts, and safety. They will sometimes differ, and this is normal ( Gumbiner, 2003, p. 49 ) . Many times turning up adolescents will hold their ain sentiment on things such as drive, curfew, friends, fellows and girlfriends, and their parents may hold a diametrical position. Parents should listen to their kids s logical thinking and be prepared to negociate. Adolescents tend to gain attitudes and become rebellious towards authorization, particularly when a parent is commanding ( Gumbiner, 2003, p. 53 ) . The activity environing a adolescent is wh at helps them turn and do better determinations later in life. Learning from errors is a major portion of adolescence. Harmonizing to Aristotle, unfledged people entered adolescence as unstable, and by the terminal of the period, they developed a adept of self-denial. The most of import tout of adolescence is the ability to take ( Gumbiner, 2003, p. 18 ) .Adolescents face different anxiousnesss when come ining junior high and high school. Adolescents opinion dying about loss of control, gender, dependence-independence, the demand to be rational, credence by equals, competency, and organic structure stunt woman these are age-appropriate anxiousnesss that are related to the societal outlooks of that age group ( Gumbiner, 2003, p. 44 ) . Adolescent relationships with their equals can do the most anxiousness because they are seeking to interrupt from dependance to independence from their parents and their friends become the focal point of dignity ( Gumbiner, 2003, p. 45 ) . T he increasing impact of others perceptual experience of the ego is partially due to the psychological alterations that take topographic point in adolescence. They start believing about their hereafter and can organize hypotheses about what may or may non alter in their personalities, behaviour, instruction, household, and relationships with friends and intimate spouses ( Brinthaupt et al, 2002, p. 33 ) . Adolescents thrive in a acquisition environment where they are motivated personally, guided socially, challenged intellectively, and supported deliberately as they engage in relevant and meaningful acquisition experiences ( Crawford, 2008, pp. 83-84 ) . Students learn from their milieus and when they are in a schoolroom, instructors need to take the schoolroom environment into history. Crawford besides believes that the usage of flexible grouping is indispensable to their societal dimension that enables pupils to interact with their equals on a assortment of prosecuting, suitab ly complex undertakings ( 2008, p. 84 ) . Adolescents thrive in a nonthreatening puting where they look emotionally safe to prove thoughts, to utilize their diverse endowments, and to negociate and reflect upon how others perceive them and who they are exit as human existences. A safe schoolroom is free of intimidation, embarrassment, confusion, ridicule, defeat, ennui, and societal exclusion ( Crawford, 2008, p. 86 ) . Social groupings balanced by such factors as gender, ability, leading, job resolution, originative or artistic endowment, cognitive abilities, backgrounds and lingual communications, and energy degrees are known as folks that are helpful with schoolroom heed and direction ( Crawford, 2008, p. 89 ) . Social groupings promote societal accomplishments, it builds community among the pupils, and it gives the pupils a sense of be and this sense of belonging and inclusion in the schoolroom maximizes larning ( Crawford, 2008, p. 89 ) . In the groupings, there needs to be a sense of single answerability. Adolescence may be really societal, but they may non hold the personal accomplishments that are needful for true coaction and instructors need to take that into history when making group undertakings ( Crawford, 2008, p. 93 ) . Having a championship for group undertakings on each person s public presentation would be a good manner to mensurate what the pupil s input was on the undertaking and it guarantees that each pupil has through its portion. Some elements of an stripling s demands as scholars when a instructor is seeking to learn them are avowal The demand to experience accepted, safe, cared about, listened to, and acknowledged.Contribution The demand to do a difference, conveying alone positions, collaborate in return on common ends, and aid others win.Purpose The demand to understand the significance of larning and how it impacts and makes a difference personally and with the drawn-out community.Power The demand to do picks, create qu ality work, and have reliable support.Challenge The demand for work that complements and stretches strengths and, through personal attempt, leads to success and achievement ( Crawford, 2008, p. 85 ) .Crawford continues to demo how these elements support a electropositive schoolroom that requires instructors to reflect upon and respond continually to the many ways pupils differ in preparedness, involvements, larning manners, background, civilization, and place life ( 2008, p. 85 ) .The concluding type of development is psychomotor development. Webster s dictionary defines psychomotor development as a patterned advance acquisition of accomplishments affecting mental and motor activities ( psychomotor development ) . Popham describes cadence psychomotor by aiming a pupil s large-muscle or small-muscle accomplishments ( 2011, p. 35 ) . Psychomotor accomplishments include any such activity affecting motion such as playing athleticss games in gym category, write on a keyboard, larni ng how to drive a vehicle, or playing an instrument in set category. It has to make with coordination between your encephalon and the parts of your organic structure such as your custodies, weaponries, pess, and legs.Aims that are normally assay are imitation, use, preciseness, articulation, and naturalisation ( Clark, 2004 ) . These aims contain certain cardinal words that instructors use when acquiring their pupils to utilize psychomotor accomplishments. These cardinal words areImitation Transcript, follow, replicate, repetition, adhere, observe, place, mimic, attempt, reenact, and copyManipulation Re-create, construct, execute, put to death, and implementPreciseness Demonstrate, complete, show, perfect, calibrate, control, and patternArticulation Concept, solve, combine, co-ordinate, integrate, adapt, develop, explicate, modify, maestro, better, and learnNaturalization Design, specify, manage, invent, and project-manage ( Clark, 2004 ) .In the Classroom Assessment book, Popham explains how Benjamin Bloom and his co-workers were the first to present the differentiation between cognitive, affectional, and psychomotor educational results ( 2011, p. 35 ) . In Bloom s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, it showed that a dominant sort of pupil behaviour was seen when instructors devise educational aims for their pupils ( Popham, 2011, p. 35 ) . These three types of development that were the focal point of this paper are of import to instructors when they are learning. Every schoolroom will hold different types of scholars, because no pupil is merely likewise, and instructors must happen a manner to link and learn every kid what they need to cognize in order to win in high school. Adolescents are locomotion through so many alterations and it is a instructor s occupation to understand that these striplings need counsel. By cognizing what type of pupils are in a instructors schoolroom, instructors can be prepared to measure them in ways they can make each pupil .

Your Role in a Small Team

* * Your government agency in a Past Sm all(prenominal) Team and Group Paper * * Whether you are one of those plenty who likes group persist or one who finds it frustrating and a waste of time, evidence suggests that groups are here(predicate) to stay. Human beings collaborate. We are raised in groups, educated in groups, and entertained in groups we worship in groups and work in groups. (Beebe, Beebe & Ivy, 2013) A team up is some(prenominal) group of people organized to work unitedly interdependently and cooperatively to accomplish a common purpose or a goal. Everyone will come into a situation in life where they are obligated to work in a team or group make upting.The team that I am going to reference is one that I am away of daily. As a manager at my current job I am apart of a team of higher management. There are currently four genus Phalluss of our management team our store manager, and triad assistant managers. As management, are duties are to en current that eve ry(prenominal)thing runs smoothly and associates complete tasks. In addition, it is our responsibility to set a proper example to our team of associates so that we can lead by example. Us as a management team have different qualities then lets say a team for school or a sport would be.All of us started at different times and at different positions. Because we all come from different backgrounds and experiences we all look at our job a bantam differently hardly we still have one goal in common. In the beginning stages of our life story we were eager to learn and take back on task that we had never come in contact with before. Everything was a new experience and each day was a new lesson. Now as we have progressed in our position and the basic are down some of us have lost interest in our position and feel the need for advancement.Recently, as a team we cant jut outm to work together and agree on a common goal for the business. As I mentioned, we are all in different stages of o ur career so some of us seem to posses more ambition and fretfulness then others. Seeing the frustration mount, I suggested that we hold a store meeting to address any appears and express our feelings to one another. After our meeting I feel like a lot of anger and stress towards each other and our job were greatly reduced. We were able to talk about our strengths and weaknesses individually and as a team. My store manager and myself have been with the company the longest so we are usually the ones to take on the leadership role. By us being the leaders of our team we saw that there was an issue and we knew we needed to clear it. By us taking the lead and organizing a meeting we were able to resolve the issues. Unfortunately, the other two managers lack leadership, which does affect the team as a whole. Our team was not effective, but now it is. We did not all have a common goal among us and roles were not interpreted seriously.Now we are a team that works together and learned t o compromise with one another. Everyone in our team is a understanding and loyal member so that made it easier to build and grown as a team. Communication is such a huge factor in a successful team. Without communication a team will fail and cannot advance. Thanks to our teams constant communication we were able to resolve our negatives and build our strengths. Since we are all different and diverse we had a lot of different opinions among us but that was a good thing.Instead of always thinking My opinion is right and everyone else is wrong we were able to hear each others argument and see everyones point of view more clearly. Without a goal a team has no purpose. When a team or a group has a goal in common it gives them motivation and advertise to work together and get what needs to be done, done. Everyone in a team should have a role. Weather its a leader of the team or just a member every aspect is imperative to a successful team. Its good to assign one team member as a leader s o there is someone to provide structure and make sure assignments or projects are done on time and correctly.According to Beebe, Beebe & Ivy, 2013 The role of leader, a person who influences others in the group, is a special kind of role, and more than one person can assume it. Ground rules should be chuck in place to ensure everyone is on the same page. Groups and teams are dynamic. A variety of factors influence the ever-changing nature of members interactions in groups and teams. References 1. Beebe, S. A. , Beebe, S. J. , & Ivy, D. K. (2013). Communication Principles for a lifetime (5thed. ).

Adolescent Sexuality

grammatical gender OVERVIEW close to teens and pre-teens digest a lot of questions ab kayoed commove and innerity. This is normal and natural. It besides is normal to looking shy or embarrassed about raising these issues with vaingloriouss or healthc atomic number 18 providers. Sexual education is an of import part of health, similar to other(a) mea veritables of corporeal growth, such as height and weight. Sexual path, which is related to intimate development, has authoritative health implications for everyone, and especi everyy for teens. It is particularly important that to be well informed about either aspects of gender and intimate health.Some basic information on sex and familiarity is provided in this review, which whitethorn answer m some(prenominal) questions and raise others. Find an mature you incur comfortable with perhaps a healthc ar provider, pargonnt, or teacher to discuss any questions or concerns you may keep up. intimateITY WHAT IS IT? hum an cozyity is more than just whether you atomic number 18 masculine or pistillate, and it is more than just the act of sex. It is a complex estimation that involves your physical make-up, how you think about yourself, and how you timber about others and the society you live in.Here argon tight to of the things that contri neverthelesse to sexuality anatomical sex Anatomic sex refers to the sex organs with which you were born. That is, you argon each a boy (with a penis and testicles) or a girl (with breasts, a uterus, vagina, and ovaries). Occasionally, a kid is born with sex organs that are non normally developed and/or may bulge out to resemble both(prenominal) sexes these individuals are said to remove ambiguous genitalia or to be intersex. Anatomic sex is only one component of sexuality.Gender identity Gender identity relates to how you feel at heart, and whether you feel like a boy or a girl. Most tribe have a compounding of feelings, including some that are ideal of as male or masculine and some that are thought of as female or feminine. In most cases, mortal feels mostly like a boy or mostly like a girl. Gender identity and anatomic sex sometimes do not match. For example, a soul hindquarters be born as a boy but feel like a girl. This is sometimes referred to as transgender.Sexual orientation Once you initiate puberty, you are likely to begin to have concentrated physical and emotional attractions to others. Sexual orientation refers to whether you are primarily attracted to people of the opposite sex (heterosexual), the same sex as you (homosexual, gay, or lesbian), or both (bisexual). Sexual orientation is influenced by many factors, including your anatomic sex, your gender identity, the society you live in, and other factors, some of which are not completely understood. Sexual orientation is taked to exist on a continuum.That is, you may feel mostly attracted to people of the same sex as you but still have some feelin gs for people of the opposite sex, or vice versa. These feelings are normal and may change byout animateness. ADOLESCENT SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Sexual development begins in the pre-teen years and place tos into adulthood. The corpse produces hormones that wooing outward changes, including breast development in girls, the appearance of facial hair in boys, and growth of hair under the arms and in the genital area of both boys and girls. However, puberty is more than physical changes.As your corpse grows into adulthood, your way of thinking, emotions, and lacks and necessitate leave alone change as well. The factors discussed above (your anatomic sex, your gender identity, and your sexual orientation) will all deform a part of how these changes affect you as a person. You will in all probability start to feel strong attractions toward others. Sometimes these feelings include developing friendships with other teenagers. otherwise feelings include wanting to be physically close to other person. You may find yourself attracted to someone of the opposite sex, someone of the same sex, or both.Its important to toy with that these physical attractions foundation shift and change and that they develop at antithetical times in different people. You may find you are attracted to someone of the same sex for a time, then find stronger attractions to someone of the opposite sex. Alternately, the reverse could occur. Over time, most teens will come to identify themselves as primarily heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. However, you should not be surprised if you feel conf enforced about some of these issues during your teen years.This time of life may be troubling for teens who begin to identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual, especially if these ideas are not openly accepted by family members, friends, or the society in which they live. In this case, it is especially important for the teen to find a trusted adult and friends with whom he or she can talk openly. some(prenominal) of the online resources listed below can overly be of benefit (see Where to get more information below. It also is important to enjoy that in the early years of puberty, its normal to want to experiment with sexual activity.This lots happens before a teenager is fully aware of how this activity might affect his or herself or others. As teens continue to grow and mature, they are better able to make choices about intimacy and physical relationships that will kick upstairs their lives, rather than making choices that will cause problems for themselves or others. Adults generally recommend that teens not rush into sexual activity too soon, but rather wait until they are more mature. (See Health issues related to sex below. ) When you are sexually mature, youll have a more developed sense of your preferences and desires.You will understand the possible significances of having sexual relationships with others, and you will be desex to take responsibility for whatever occurs. You will be more ready to engage in the satisfying, intimate relationships that are an important part of life. SEXUAL ACTIVITY THE FACTS There are many ways to express intimacy. Spending time with another person, holding hands, and kissing are all ways to show affection and begin to explore physical intimacy. As you develop attractions toward others, you will probably want to explore these and other causas of physical intimacy.What might this involve? Most teens have questions about sex and sex acts. Here are some basic facts and definitions, including some important information about sexual boundaries that is, what is and what is not OK as part of a sexual relationship. Genitals Genitals are the outside sex organs that are sensitive to and stimulated by be touched, which typically occurs during sexual activity. The male external organs are the penis and scrotum, which holds the testicles (figure 1). The female external organs are the vulva, clitoris, and th e opening to the vagina (figure 2). cuddling Petting is feeling parts of another persons consistence. This usually refers to touching the genitals or other sexually sensitive areas, such as breasts. Orgasm Orgasm is an intensely pleasurable release of tension felt up in the genital area and elsewhere in the body. It usually results from stimulation of the genitals. In men and boys, culmination is associated with the release of seminal fluid (called ejaculation), which contains sperm. The term come is a slang word for orgasm. Sexual intercourse In general, this refers to sex involving a mans penis being placed inside a womans vagina.When the man ejaculates during sexual intercourse, this semen is released into the womans vagina. Pregnancy occurs if sperm, contained in the semen, are able to fertilize the egg released by a womans ovary. However, semen can be released even if the man does not have an orgasm. Oral sex Oral sex involves victimization the mouth and/or tongue to stimulate the genitals. Oral sex can occur in the midst of a man and a woman, between dickens men, or between two women. anal retentive retentive sex Anal sex is sexual activity involving penetration of the anus (the opening where bowel movements leave the body).A penis or another object is inserted into the anus during anal sex. Both men and women are able to engage in anal sex. Masturbation Masturbation involves using the hands, or sometimes a wrench such as a vibrator or other sex toy, to stimulate ones own or someone elses genitals. Some people believe having sex only means sexual intercourse. But other activities, including oral sex, anal sex, or pulling out can also be considered as having sex. Even things like kissing or necking are considered to be sexual activity because they are part of how one person responds sexually to another person.Sexual boundaries The only kind of sexual activity that is OK is activity that occurs between people who want to have sex with eac h other. Activity that occurs when a person is alone, such as masturbation, is also OK. If two people are having sex, both of them essential be old enough and mature enough to come in without feeling pres sure enoughd to prove something or try something red-hot. If a sex act is forced upon a person who does not want to participate, this is called rape. Rape is a somber crime that can result in being ar layed, spending time in jail, and having a permanent criminal record.Having sex with someone who is not sure they want to have sex can also be called rape. For teens, feelings about sex can be new and confusing. For example, sometimes a person begins kissing or petting but then changes their head word and wants to break off. The other person must always listen, even if it is very difficult to stop. It is not harmful to stop sex before orgasm occurs. Teens sometimes get into difficult situations if they are drinking or using drugs and having sex. In these cases, someone may seem to want sex, but they may be too intoxicated or high to know what they are doing.Later, the sex can be called rape. Teens may be lured into having sex with an adult. It is never OK for an adult to behave in this way. If an adult wants to engage in any type of sexual activity (kissing, petting, oral sex, intercourse), the teen should talk to a parent, healthcare provider, law officer, or other trusted adult at once. Even if you feel like you have done something to cause the adult to be attracted or have sexual feelings, the adult is responsible for hold backling his or her behavior, regardless of the circumstances. definite state laws, which vary from state to state, impose certain regulations or rules on sexual activity, even among teens. As discussed above, it is always a crime for anyone to force or coerce you into having sex against your wishes, no matter if it is an adult or someone around your own age. However, in some states, sex between teens below a certain age may also b e illegal, even if both people want to have sex. Rules may depend upon the age of both partners and upon the sex of your other partner(s). Before deciding to have sex, call to a trusted adult about these important issues. HEALTH ISSUES RELATED TO SEXThe main originator it is important to postpone sexual activity until you are mature is that sexual activity affects both the physical and emotional health of the people involved. Here are some facts. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) There are a number of infections that can be spread during sexual activity. Infections can be spread through sexual intercourse, anal sex, oral sex, and using fingers, other body parts, or sex toys that have come in contact with another persons genitals or body fluids. These diseases are called sexually transmitted infections, or STIs (often called sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs).Common places STIs can occur are the genital organs, anus, and throat. Research has shown that junior people are at an increased try of developing STIs. The reasons for this are not completely understood. However, the junior you are when you start having sex, the more likely it is that you will get an STI. Also, having one STI can make it easier to discover other STIs at the same time. In many cases, you can get an STI and not know it. This is because STIs often do not have any noticeable signs or symptoms. All of the STIs can have unplayful consequences for future health.For example, a woman who gets an STI may have difficulty becoming pregnant later in life or may be more prone to developing certain types of pubic louse, such as cervical cancer. Some of the most important STIs are human immunodeficiency virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome). AIDS is a serious, incurable disease of the immune system. Until recently, everyone who developed AIDS wear outd. Although new treatments are now helping many people with HIV infection live longer, there is still no cure for this serious disease or vaccine to prevent it. Many people still die each year from AIDS.Each year, between 40,000 and 80,000 people are newly infected with HIV. Half of these new infections are in people younger than 25 years old. New recommendations call for those who have been sexually active to be tested routinely for HIV infection. The earlier HIV is detected, the sooner a person can obtain treatment and the better their chances are of survival. Speak to your healthcare provider about HIV testing. (See longanimous information Testing for HIV. ) Human papillomavirus Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most uncouth STI in adolescents. Most people who get HPV do not know they have it.Some types of HPV cause genital warts. some other types of HPV cause cervical cancer in woman, penile cancer in men, and anal cancer in either sex. A Pap smear is one important way your healthcare provider can screen for cervical cancer associated w ith HPV. (See tolerant information Condyloma (genital warts) in women and Patient information Cervical cancer screening. ) In addition, there is a vaccine for girls age 9 to 26 years to shelter against four common types of HPV. Speak to your healthcare provider about this important vaccine. (See Patient information Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. )Gonorrhea and chlamydia These are serious bacterial infections of the genital tract. They can lead to pelvic rabble-rousing disease (PID) in women, which can cause severe pain and can lead to infertility (inability to croak pregnant). Both gonorrhea and chlamydia can be healed with antibiotics. It is important to be screened for these infections if you have had sex, because you may not always have symptoms. (See Patient information Gonorrhea and Patient information Chlamydia. ) Herpes simplex virus This is a viral infection that causes painful or itchy sores or blisters in the genital area.The sores heal but can reappear at any point later in life. There is no cure. The virus can be spread even when there are no blisters present. Medications are operational from your healthcare provider to shorten the length of time the blisters last and decrease your essay of repeat outbreaks. (See Patient information Genital herpes. ) Hepatitis B virus This is a viral infection that can cause liver disease. In most cases, the disease resolves subsequently the initial illness. But in some people, serious liver damage or liver failure can occur.Most children and adolescents are being inject against this infection with a series of three shots. You should speak to your healthcare provider if you are not sure if you have had this vaccine. (See Patient information Hepatitis B. ) Syphilis This is an infection cause by a small existence called a spirochete (/SPY-ro-keet/), which can cause an ulcer on a persons genitals or anus. It is pretty uncommon in teens but more common in certain populations. Sometimes you may not notice the ulcer, because it does not usually cause pain or may be on the inside of the vagina (in females) or anus (in both sexes).It is important to see your healthcare provider right away if you notice any sores or ulcers. The sore usually heals but can cause important long-term problems if untreated. Trichomonas Trichomonas (trich) is a common infection caused by a tiny parasite that can cause itching and/or a discharge from a persons genital organs. Females notice symptoms far more often than males, although both sexes can be affected and require treatment by a healthcare provider. This infection can be cured with antibiotics. PREVENTING AND SCREENING FOR STIS The only way to be sure you will not get an STI is to not have sex.STIs can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, oral sex, anal sex, and using fingers, other body parts, or sex toys that have come in contact with another persons genitals or body fluids. STIs can be transmitted between a male and a female, between t wo females, and between two males who have sex. It is not possible to tell by looking at someone whether he or she has an STI. Even if the other person tells you they do not have an STI or says they are low-cal, you cannot be sure this is true. That is because the person may not know if they are infected.Also, it is common for teens to not be completely truthful about many things in relationships, including whether they may have been exposed to an STI. Condom use People who are sexually active can reduce their risk of getting an STI by using a latex or polyurethane condom every time they have sex. Male condoms are worn on the penis, helping to prevent body fluids from passing to another person. Female condoms are also accessible, and can be placed in the vagina to help prevent fluids from passing from one person to another. (If a male and female are having sex, only one should wear a condom.If both the male and female wear a condom, the condoms could rub together and move out of place. ) Dental dams are another barricade device that can be used when performing oral sex on a female. (See Patient information Barrier methods of birth control. ) Condoms and dental dams reduce the risk of getting an STI, but they do not take away the risk completely. Condoms can break or leak, allowing passage of body fluids and transmittal of infection. In addition, condoms do not completely cover all of the skin that is exposed during sex herpes and HPV can be passed by skin-to-skin contact.Other birth control methods do not reduce the risk of STIs. You can reduce the risk that a male condom will break or drowse off off in two ways. First, make sure the penis is completely hard before put on the condom. Also, be sure to squeeze and hold the tip of the condom as you roll the rest of it down the penis, making sure there is no air pocket (like a small balloon) at the end of the penis. Immunizations Another way to reduce the risk of two specific STIs (HPV and hepatitis B) is to talk to a healthcare provider about immunizations.As previously mentioned, most children and adolescents are routinely immunized against hepatitis B in the United States. The HPV vaccine is now available to females aged nine years and older. Check ups Regular check-ups by your healthcare provider are important to all adolescents, but it is particularly important to speak with a healthcare provider if you decide to have sex. This talk should include ways to prevent pregnancy and STIs, as well as the need for regular testing for STIs, including HIV.Since STIs can occur in different body sites (genital organs, anus, and throat) and may have no symptoms, it is important to speak honestly with the provider about sexual behavior to get appropriate testing. If your healthcare provider is not comfortable or able to screen you for STIs, petition for a referral to a provider who can. Pregnancy and birth control Pregnancy is a serious consequence of sexual activity between males and fema les. Each year in the United States, about 1 one million million million adolescents become pregnant. Pregnancy in teens has serious health consequences. Pregnant teens are more likely to have babies who are premature or sick.A pregnant adolescent is more likely to drop out of school and live in poverty. Although some teens who become pregnant choose to have an abortion, this choice also carries risks. As with STIs, the only way a young woman can be sure she will not become pregnant is to not have sexual intercourse. There is no reliable way to determine a safe time when she will not become pregnant menstrual cycles at this age can be irregular. Teens should know that pregnancy is possible each time they have sexual intercourse, including the first time and during the menstrual period.Birth control methods are available that can reduce the risk of pregnancy. However, birth control methods other than condoms do not reduce the risk of STIs. The most reliable methods (other than absti nence) must be prescribed by a doctor or nurse. These include birth control pills, patches, and injections. Other newer options for females include a vaginal ring that is worn in the vagina or a small device that must be inserted under the skin by a healthcare provider. (See Patient information hormonal methods of birth control. ) Some methods, such as condoms and contraceptive foam, can be purchased without a prescription.A condom should be used every time you have sex, even if another method is used to prevent pregnancy. (See Patient information Barrier methods of birth control. ) If you use birth control but have an accident (the condom breaks, you forget a pill), you can take a morning after pill to reduce the risk of pregnancy. (See Patient information Emergency contraception (morning after pill). ) Teens who engage in sexual activity must be sure they have accurate information about the available birth control options. The best time to decide on a method of birth control is be fore you start having sex.