The Enlighment and the Great Awakening Influence on the...

Both the Enlightenment and the Great awakening caused the colonists to alter their views about government, the role of government, as well as society at large which ultimately and collectively helped to motivate the colonists to revolt against England. The Enlightenment was vital in almost every part of the founding of America, which included everything from government, to politics itself, as well as religion. Many of the ideas from the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening shaped our country as a whole in its seminal years, inspiring everything from the American Revolution, to the Constitution, and even electricity and stoves. Without the central ideas and figures of both the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment era, the United States†¦show more content†¦A group was eventually formed in 1769, which was known as the American Philosophical Society, and allowed for leading colonial thinkers like Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson to analyze their ideas to improve society , eventually leading to the need of the American Revolution. These core ideas of the Enlightenment were the basis of the Declaration of Independence, as well as the Constitution. The Great Awakening also played a role in government and society. The Great Awakening was based on a wave of rivals that were an attempt to keep churches and religion from dying in an era that believed that nature held more answers that the Bible. The Great Awakening allowed for ministers like George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards to share their ideas about God’s vengeful supremacy and for the first time sermons were being aimed at colonist’s hearts, instead of their heads. These revivals awakened and refreshed the colonists, allowing them to forget the anxiety and uncertainty that they had about America at the time, as well as Great Britain affect on their new home. The sermons communicated the message that every soul in fact was important to God, as well as that both men and women had to choose to be saved, making religion a very personal experience that once was very generalized. The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment taught concepts such as freedom from oppression, natural rights, and a new way of

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Irac Essay Samples That Only a Few People Know Exist

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Irac Essay Samples That Only a Few People Know Exist The Foolproof Irac Essay Samples Strategy Focus your conclusion only on the issue which you discussed. Always the issues are going to have relation with the situation. If there are several issues, there has to be multiple conclusions also. If there's more than 1 issue to address, then you have to write an individual IRAC analysis for each matter. The Demise of Irac Essay Samples You want to spell out the rule that's applicable to the specific case in the essay. If you are just answering an essay question on a law school exam, you're going to be writing from the point of view of the scholar, in you will be exploring the problem in detail to impartially locate a conclusion. There's a particular procedure of how essays ought to be written. Below you will discover a few diverse examples. Again, the suitable rules are something which you are going to learn in your very first year of c ontract law. All parties must mutually agree to the conditions of the contract. Authority in itself is insufficient. Legal education is extremely different in the USA from that in a number of other areas of the world. The difficulty with being in a position to swiftly apply IRAC is basically the way the curve separates everyone out. Breaking the bigger IRAC or issue into a more compact IRAC makes it simpler for the grader to grade the exam and also simpler for the student to organize their ideas and produce an analysis that's on point. If you believe that your answer will look a little stupid, just put everything in the 1 paragraph, but ensure that you adhere to the IRAC structure. The most likely answer is that you will need to include things like the content of IRAC however, you need not organize around IRAC. The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. It is a good idea to look for the one which has a fantastic reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive rates. Many trustworthy writing services are eager to provide essay help. Additionally, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask her or him to make corrections. The Facts are extremely vital for each and every step while using the method and determine it how the practice of the reasoning needs to be developed. Conclusions ought to be short and put with regard to a probability. A motivational test may also be performed to judge one's capacity to enter into a contract. What About Irac Essay Samples? There are different kinds of law essays. Today you can point out the facts that are applicable or not applicable to every component of the law. A general conclusion is reached concerning the matter of liability. You are then going to be prepared to not just go over the situation, yet to compare and contrast it to other cases involving a similar matter. No matter if it's right or wrong, the facts h ave to be analysed and reasoned in the ideal way. The best method to discover questions is to receive your hands on every available practice exam and write answers to every question. If you encounter a word that you don't know, use a dictionary to seek out its meaning. By all means, get somebody else's notes and cross check you have included everything. You ought to use the facts to explain the way the rule results in the conclusion. The rule ought to be the overall principle that is relevant to the scenario. It is applied to the facts. You may attempt to compose the rule of that specific case in your words. The Irac Essay Samples Cover Up The last part of your IRAC on law school exams should become your conclusion. From time to time, different questions in an exam booklet is going to be marked by different folks. If you've got an open-book exam, make an excellent attack outline of all the legal rules you're expected to know. In exams, it is going to come down to practi ce, so make sure that you run through as many practice exams as possible to learn the very best structure for any specific question (exam topics are often repeated so you can find out what will be on your exam early).

Managerial Skills Communication Power

Question: Discuss about theManagerial Skillsfor Communication Power. Answer: Introduction The considered report has the purpose to evaluate some key theoretical concepts and models of communication skill in terms of management. The present assignment is considerably the counterpart of the first assignment, which have concentrated on to establish an action plan to achieve firm hold on communication. Hence, the present report has been constructed to identify convenient theories related to the individual plans developed in the action plan prepared earlier. Nevertheless, on the later part of the discourse deals with measuring and assessing the possible outcome of the action plans considering the evaluated theoretical aspects. Communication power is an effective and essential aspect of a successful manager through which it becomes easy to assign task, control others and motivate subordinates in terms of gaining quality production (VanPatten, 2015). On the other hand, communication skill is an important attribute that helps in collaborating or fruitfully working with others. In this context, the discourse preferred to analyze theoretical concepts of Tuckman and Fisher keeping in mind about the plan to become better instructor and to work in small groups. On the other hand, the report addressed the theoretical model of Westley and Maclean to monitor the effectiveness of the plan to become a good communicator. Theoretical Perspectives Eegarding the Skill Areas Prior to understand the theoretical prospects in detail, it is important to examine the distinct plans portrayed in the previous action plan again. The initial scheme of the action plan is to improve those particular sections of communication, which are flawed. The plan therefore shifts on to achieve confidence to face issues through convenient communication. The action plan thereafter focuses on the essentiality of communication to work and collaborate with other. Alongside, the action plan attempts to sharpen the communication skills to enable the power of giving instructions. However, the action plan concludes with the scheme to judge the effectiveness or credibility of the entire action plan for communication. Instead of evaluating theories of Tuckman, Fisher, Westley and Maclean, considering the action agendas, interactive and communication model of Lasswell seem significant too to evaluate. Interactive Model of Communication The basic concept of interactive model of communication is to exchange ideas, messages and expression with others. According to the concept of the model, exchange of idea and point of views can be pursued through both verbal and nonverbal way (First Adoni, 2015). Interactive model is distinctively composed with the correlation among an encoder, decoder and the source. In this context, it is important to keep in mind that the communicational relation between an encoder, decoder and the source rely chiefly upon message, feedback and the experience field. Source is the person who originates an idea; the source thereafter turns as an encoder, which sends the message to a particular one (Barak, Braverman, Chen Rao, 2013). In the later part, the encoder turns as the decoder who then responsibly receives the feedbacks. Hence, the rudimentary concept of this model regarding communication starts with a new idea then encode the message or send the message to the receiver and then decodes or receives back the feedback against the encoded message. A prosperous management cannot be achieved if there is lack of involvement of an encoder, a decoder and a specific source. The theory is therefore strongly relevant for the plan to address management attributes like solving problems and giving instructions. The Communication Model of Lasswell The communication model of Lasswell is reckoned as one of the influential model of communication that acts as the action model for management purpose. The model is comprised with certain steps, which include a sender, a message, a medium or channel, a receiver and ultimately a feedback. These five components act like powerful tools in terms of having an in-depth evaluation of the process and elements of a convenient communication. In the words of Sapienza, Iyer Veenstra (2015), an effective communication can be conducted through forming questions with each of the five components. Significant enough to mark that this communication model proves favourable for interpersonal mode of communication. The model can be followed effectively when the five individual steps will be covered through five analytical perspectives. The preliminarily perspective is the control analysis, which provides power to the senders. The following perspective, which is content analysis, is the process of representing various groups in political manner and identifying the particular aim of the message (GREEN COBB, 2012). The next phase is called media analysis that recognizes an individual media for communication for exercising maximum power. The audience analysis phase thereafter moves to identify the target population, which is ultimately concluded with the effect analysis that is responsible for predicting the possible effects of the messages. Content analysis, control analysis are part of a well-constructed management and in management communication always finds a distinct way to be carried away. Therefore, the concept of Lasswell sounds pertinent in terms of developing communication skills for management. Tuckmans Theoretical Aspect of Team Development Communication in terms of management perspective is essentially related with the need to form an efficient group with subordinates. In the words of Seck Helton (2014), Tuckmans team development model points out that a team is developed with maturity and the capability to establish a convenient relationship. Tuckman established that a leader or an administrator of a group possess the responsibilities to give priorities towards different circumstances and therefore to bring change in the leadership style. An effective group development as per Tuckman can be achieved through four distinct stages, which are forming, storming, norming and producing or performing. Based on Hall (2015), the introductory phase or the forming phase is the level when subordinates highly depend on the decisions of the leader. However, the unfortunate part of this period is that individual accountabilities stay less rigid and ambiguous for the members of the team. Alongside, the leaders find enormous pressure to provide answers or clearing the objectives of the team to the team participants. The next stage focuses on the complications, which emerge frequently among the team member in case of establishing individuals opinions with other (Dozier, Grunig Grunig, 2013). In this, certain phase most of the team members encounter challenges, which their leaders as uncertainties still rest inside the team purpose. In the following stage of norming, all the possible challenges come to the point of mitigation as in this period the leaders take the initiative to facilitate team agreement and commitment through effective communication skills. In the performing stage, which is supposed to be the endmost, yet potential phase the particular team becomes aware of the assigned task and share vision with each other. The focus to achieve goal through sharing vision is acquired through strong communication skills, which is supposedly one of the chief responsibility of management (Stacks Salwen, 2014). It is necessary to acknowledge that this particular theory is relevant for the plan to deal with problems and work in a group conveniently as per the action schedule. Model of Minor Group Communication by Fisher According to Wenger (2014), a small group most frequently does through rapid decision changing. Frequent decision change along with accomplishing a particular activity through having a good number of stages. In this context, it is significant to remember that decision making which becomes a responsibility of every group member can be obtained through firm communication skills. Specifically, in the group the decision making process includes agenda setting and reflective thinking. As per Aherne Thornber (2013), the decision-making through strong communication power involves six chief guide steps through which a decision turns to be a standard agenda. The steps start with problem identifying phase in which a particular issue is recognized and the reasons of the problem is diagnosed. This is further followed with the analysis of the problems and recognizing the forces that affect on the entire group. Thereafter, in the words of (Fujishin, 2013), standard agenda is pursued through selecting goals for the final decision and generating solution. The entire process sums up with evaluating or selecting ideas for mitigation as criteria and finally implementing them. B.Aubrey Fisher believed and pointed out that generally mode of interaction changes in terms with the formulation of the group decision. Based on Fisher's words, the decision making process is sometime recurring and inconsistent and hugely dependent upon the communication way through which the decision is being proceed. Hence, as argued by Myers Shimotsu (2013), Fisher's model exists with four key stages to build a correspondence among the group which are stages of orientation, conflict, emergence and reinforcement. The initial stage of orientation when people start to know each other, suffers through lack of the power of communication. On the part of knowing each other, the occurrence of agreement, interpretations take place and most of the time members of the group tend to share problems. On the phase of conflict, an individual issue is diagnosed and each of the group individual tries to get to the solution by expressing their perspectives (Sana, 2015). Communication among groups is here the key through which individual response increases and enforces individual participation. As per (McQuail Windahl, 2015), in stage three, group tasks emerge though uncertainty arises. Instead of having different responses among the group members, individuals attempts to reach to the level of unanimity. However, the final stage mainly focuses upon making a lengthy group communication through which the final decision stands up by the assemblage of individual viewpoints. The theoretical model of Fisher is an apt concept in context to management and specifically to communication as the model prescribes stages to establish decisions through having discussions in a group. Therefore, this particular model guides to polish communication skills as well as management practice (Cobley Schulz, 2013). Most significantly, the model addresses the skill of giving instructions and working together which is a major part of the proposed action plan. Communication Model of Westley and Maclean In the words of Dozier, Grunig Grunig, (2013), the communication model of Westley and Maclean is applied in interpersonal context as well as in mass communication purpose. However, the main difference between the purposes of this model in term of these two aspects is feedback. In other words, whereas the feedback is easy to gain and comes in a direct way in the interpersonal context, in mass communication aspect feedback is slow and comes in an indirect way. Based on Kar, Moura Ramanan (2012), Westley and Maclean believed that communication is the process through which a person responds rather than the process through which people starts talking. Therefore, the communication can be called as the relation between responses and the procedure of communication. The model is hence indicative of the fact that communication starts right after a person receives any information or message and thereafter the process pursues through the receivers initiatives to send response based on the orientation object. The model may sound less applicable for managerial purpose though the basic concept of communication can help forming a managers way of providing response to the subordinates (Manca, 2015). Without firm communication skills, it is hard to receive message from outside as well as to respond back against the sent information. If a manager or leader possesses less communication powers, then the entire process of responding, instructing and conveying information would not work. Reviewing the Results of the Action Plan and Measuring the Achievement The initial agenda of the action plan has been to improve the communication skill, for which I have explored the areas of my weakness and intended to work on them based on the feedback I will get from the quiz I have taken as a measurement of pre-test. In this purpose, I have followed the interactive model of communication that is comprised with an encoder and a decoder to send message and improve based on feedback. On the part of the encoder, I have sent my response to the quiz competition and my improvement process further pursued through the feedback I got from the quiz competition. As per the feedback of quiz, I have less speed in sending response as soon as the questions have been sent. Thereafter I have started practicing on managing time and preparing myself to take less time to understand and receive a particular message or information. To judge my improvement, I have taken help of one of my companions to ask me questions in a particular time limit. Fortunately, I have realized that almost 70% of the answers I have in a quick manner and as per my companion, I have given more importance upon to answer the question and have not concentrated upon my behavior to complement my responding technique. My next plan has been to deal with problems and encounter any difficult situation properly. In that case, Lasswells communication model and Tuckmans theoretical aspect has helped me to reach desired to the desired outcome. The proposed plan has been to communicate with students and face difficult situation. Following these two theoretical aspects, I have chosen the content topic of Olympic for debate to converse with the students and have chosen face to face talking. I encountered problems in time when students started arguing with each other about the performance. With the help of Tuckmans model, I started to norm the students to further engage them in the performing stage with my verbal and non-verbal communication skills. As a result, I find that, my non-verbal communication skill or my expression work favorably to control the students. It is indicative of the fact that my verbal powers have not sharpened to a high level. However, my next two plans, which have been to give instructions and work with the groups, have been influenced hugely by the theoretical concepts of Fisher, Tuckman and specifically of Westley and Maclean. In case of strengthening my communication power for making decisions and working in groups, I have strictly followed the Fishers model as I have assigned to work in a small group of students. For these two tasks, I strongly considered Westley and Macleans concept that communication is the relation between respondent and the communication process. The consequence have been probably the most successful as most of the group members have shown active participation and most of them have even replied that my instructions have been convenient enough. From the outcome I can realize that my skill to respond fast and instruct with my both verbal and non-verbal communication have worked aptly. Moreover, the achievement indicates that I need to work on my non-verbal communication skills to gi ve a more convenient leadership in future. My final plan to revise and evaluate my outcome specifically denotes that my verbal skills need to find a more firm edge and in terms of getting feedback and work on them, all of the evaluated theories have guided me well. It is significant to mark that evaluation of the feedback from the quiz have been pursued again as I have participated again in that same competition. The final one has been much more fruitful as near about 75% of the answers have been sent correct and in a less time limit. Conclusion The above report has analyzed some key theoretical concepts of Tuckman, Fisher, Westley and Maclean, which have assisted to accomplish the action plans and evaluate the feedbacks. The concepts of Tuckman and Fisher have specifically helped to work in a group, making decisions and giving instructions. On the other hand, the interactive model and Lasswells concepts have guided to improve upon pitfalls based on feedback. Nevertheless, the report indicates that in time of giving instruction the non-verbal skills and decision making method have proved most successful, whereas the feedbacks of the quiz remarked that time consumption is a potential flaw. References Aherne, P., Thornber, A. (2013). Communication for All: A Cross Curricular Skill Involving Interaction Between" Speaker and Listener". Routledge. Barak, B., Braverman, M., Chen, X., Rao, A. (2013). How to compress interactive communication. SIAM Journal on Computing, 42(3), 1327-1363. Cobley, P., Schulz, P. J. (Eds.). (2013). Theories and models of communication (Vol. 1). Walter de Gruyter. Craig, R. T. (2013). Constructing theories in communication research. Theories and models of communication, 1, 39-57. Dozier, D. M., Grunig, L. A., Grunig, J. E. (2013). Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Dozier, D. M., Grunig, L. A., Grunig, J. E. (2013). Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. First, A., Adoni, H. (2015). An Interactive Model for Analyzing the Development of the Communication Discipline: Israel as a Case Study. Journalism, 5(7), 324-340. Fujishin, R. (2013). Creating effective groups: The art of small group communication. Rowman Littlefield. GREEN, M., COBB, L. (2012). Theories of Communication. Functional Communication: Analyzing the Nonlinguistic Skills of Individuals with Severe or Profound Handicaps, 1. Hall, T. B. (2015). Examining the Relationship Between Group Cohesion and Group Performance in Tuckman's (1965) Group Life Cycle Model on an Individual-Level Basis (Doctoral dissertation, REGENT UNIVERSITY). Kar, S., Moura, J. M., Ramanan, K. (2012). Distributed parameter estimation in sensor networks: Nonlinear observation models and imperfect communication. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 58(6), 3575-3605. Manca, L. (2015). A Hypothesis about the Role of Gateopener in the Westley-MacLean Model.Interdisciplinary Essays on Environment and Culture: One Planet, One Humanity, and the Media, 69. McQuail, D., Windahl, S. (2015). Communication models for the study of mass communications. Routledge. Myers, S. A., Shimotsu, S. (2013). Understanding Work Group Dynamics: Effectively Getting People to Work Cohesively in Small Groups. Workplace Communication for the 21st Century: Tools and Strategies that Impact the Bottom Line [2 volumes]: Tools and Strategies That Impact the Bottom Line, 1, 243. Sana, M. (2015). Critical Analysis of Mass Communication Theories.Scholedge International Journal of Multidisciplinary Allied Studies ISSN 2394-336X,2(4), 19-24. Sapienza, Z. S., Iyer, N., Veenstra, A. S. (2015). Reading Lasswell's Model of Communication Backward: Three Scholarly Misconceptions.Mass Communication and Society,18(5), 599-622. Seck, M. M., Helton, L. (2014). Faculty Development of a Joint MSW Program Utilizing Tuckman's Model of Stages of Group Development. Social Work with Groups, 37(2), 158-168. Stacks, D. W., Salwen, M. B. (Eds.). (2014). An integrated approach to communication theory and research. Routledge. VanPatten, B. (2015). Communication and Skill. Routledge. Wenger, E. (2014). Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems: computational and cognitive approaches to the communication of knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann.

McDonalds Restaurant

Fast food businesses managed to survive the global financial crisis that the entire world faced since 2007. However, the fast food businesses too began to suffer the consequences of the crisis. In 2009, some fast food chains closed some of their branches as they posted low sales levels. McDonald’s, Yum Brands, KFC and Pizza Hut all posted decline in sales in 2009. The crisis intensified competition in the fast food industry.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on McDonald’s Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Participants in the industry tried to beat competitors through the introduction of new products and prices. McDonald’s is one of the companies that participate in the fast food industry. It faced stiff competition from numerous competitors worldwide. Some of the key competitors include Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Pizza Hut and Yum Brands. McDonald’s can use product pos itioning to ensure that it leads in the fast food industry. It can use this strategy to enhance its brand and lead other companies in the industry. This strategy requires that it pays close attention to the needs of the customers (The Times 100 1). This is essential because there is international promotion and export, psychological and sociological issues that can affect the position of a product in a market. This paper examines product-positioning strategies that McDonald’s can use to promote itself and stay ahead of its competitors in the international market. It mainly focuses on India and Africa as segments of the international markets. Additionally, it considers the international markets as areas outside the United States. Background of McDonald’s McDonald’s is a well-known brand internationally. It is a company that has international operations. Two brothers, Dick and Mac, established the company in 1937. In 1948, the company began to sell fries, hamburger s, soft drinks and shakes. In 1953, the company began to franchise the business. The first franchises were in California and Arizona. The brothers adopted a system of operations that was efficient and ensured fast movement of customers. Currently, the company operates approximately 31000 restaurants internationally. Moreover, the company has employed about 1.5 million individuals in its restaurants. The company has operations in more than 120 countries.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The advantage that the company has had is that it uses a system that ensures efficiency in operations. The company uses intense media hype to support the efficient process that it adopted. The media hype has been a campaign strategy that the company adopted. Product Positioning Product positioning involves stimulation of a company’s brand and its services. The brand image of a c ompany shows how clients perceive an organization. Companies promote their brands to develop personalities of their organizations. Product positioning and branding are effective only if a company maintains consistency (The Times 100 1). Consistency is important in promotion strategies that a company adopts. Images and colours that a company uses in promotions like adverts provide a brand with distinguishable features. McDonald’s uses the Golden Arches logo to position its products in the fast food industry. McDonald’s faces stiff competition in all the markets in which it has operations. In addition, it faces other challenges in its international operations. Economic statuses of some of the countries in which it operates pose promotion challenges. Technological and legal challenges also affect the operations and competitiveness of McDonald’s. Success of McDonald’s in some countries is also affected by social factors. These challenges necessitate the need for identification of market needs. McDonald’s must identify the needs of customers to develop effective promotion strategies. After identification of the needs of customers is when it can position its products appropriately within each market (Mueller 29). Through identification of the needs of the customers, McDonald’s has a better chance to satisfy the market compared to its competitors. The company has to identify its customers before it positions its products in the market. It must identify possible clients in all the markets in which it has business operations. To achieve this, McDonald’s must perform market research. After McDonald’s has identified its target population, it has to develop a promotion mix that appeals to the recognized group. It has to develop a promotion strategy that incorporates price, product and place characteristics. The company has to ensure that its products are well received in the market, and the clients are able to afford the set prices (The Times 100 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on McDonald’s Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, the company has to identify the television programmes that the targeted population like to watch. Identification of these programmes also assists the company to position its products appropriately. The identification of a promotion strategy and mix helps McDonald’s to improve sales and increase consumer loyalty. Market research also assists McDonald’s to identify factors that influence the behaviours of its customers. There exist factors that influence the purchase decisions that people make. Thus, McDonald’s has to know that these factors complement the features of the products that it offers to the customers. These factors can be psychological, sociological or economical. All these factors are vital in product positioning. Moreover, these f actors can be crucial to the customers than the products sold. Through identification of these factors, McDonald’s can shape the minds of the customers. Hence, it can determine how to position its products appropriately within a market. Key Issues McDonald’s faces a number of challenges in its attempts to position its products within the international markets. The challenges can be in terms of prices, perception and competition among others. The issues can be classified into three broad categories. These categories are international promotion and export management, psychological and sociological. International promotion and export management relate to price strategy and methods of operations that a company uses in its overseas operations. McDonald’s faces challenge in the establishment of the appropriate price for its products in some of the markets in which it has operations. Poverty and low amount of disposable income are key issues that the organization has t o tackle. The products that the company offers are perceived as expensive in some countries. In Africa and India, for example, many people cannot afford the prices. Additionally, the company has to target cities only with the products that it offers. People in semi urban regions are unable to afford the products sold by the company. They have low levels of disposable incomes and most of them practice agriculture. The layout of McDonald’s is also a source of challenge in some of the international markets. Some societies are used to the hotel environment and not the fast process system associated with McDonald’s operations. This challenge emanates from the consumption patterns of such societies. They are used to consumption of breakfast, lunch and supper. Normally, lunch and supper involves consumption of a balanced diet meal.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The composition of breakfast depends on the culture of a household. However, the layout of McDonald’s restaurants promotes the consumption of burgers and other fast foods. However, Burgers are not considered as healthy foods for consumption, especially at lunchtime in these societies (Misra and Yadav 27). Psychological challenges faced by the company in international markets relate mainly to religion, personality and lifestyle. McDonald’s sells hamburgers that contain beef or pork. However, extremely few people in some countries in which it operates consume beef and pork. In India and some Arab countries, cows are considered sacred (Tiffany 1). Hence, it is a challenge for the company to enter these markets and increase overall sales revenues. Many people in such countries are vegetarians. They cannot consume the burgers that the company sells. The company has to find ways through which it can capture these markets. These markets have high populations and can assist th e company to increase revenues. India, for example, has a population of over one billion people (Misra and Yadav 28). The perception and lifestyles of many people in international markets is also an issue that brings challenges to McDonald’s promotion strategies. Perception and lifestyle patterns are sociological issues. However, they affect the strategies that the company can use to position its products within some of the international markets. Consumption patterns, for example, affect the strategies that the company can use to promote its products. People in some societies prefer to eat together at lunchtime. However, the pattern that McDonald’s has adopted encourages people to eat away from home. This is not common in some societies especially in Africa and India. Analysis of the Issues Based on the challenges described above, McDonald’s must identify suitable solutions. It must identify the challenge that it faces in each market and formulate a strategy tha t will position its products appropriately. One psychological factor that McDonald’s can identify is vegetarianism. Vegetarianism is widespread in some of the countries in which it has operations. Some of these countries have high populations and promise high sales returns. The company must identify a strategy through which it can position its products in these markets and increase its sales revenues. This can assist it to stay ahead of its competitors like KFC and Pizza Hut. For example, in India, consumption of beef is prohibited. However, India has a large population and can assist McDonald’s to increase its sales revenues. Muslims and Indians do not consume beef or pork. Furthermore, they consider cows sacred. However, McDonald’s was interested in the high population of the country. Hence, it developed a product that was able to position itself appropriately within the Indian market. KFC and Pizza Hut do not have a product that can position itself in the Ind ian market like the Aloo-Tikki burger developed by McDonald’s (Amoako-Agyei 1). The Hamburgers that McDonald’s normally produce are made of beef. However, since many people in India are vegetarians, the company developed Aloo-Tikki. It is made of potatoes and spices and with no beef. The company also made hamburgers made of chicken and fish fillets. Moreover, the company separated the preparation processes of the hamburgers. This was done to promote the â€Å"vegetarian experience† idea that the company developed for the market. Thus, the company managed to position its products after it identified the needs of the market. It understood the psychological factors associated with beef consumption in the Indian market (Tiffany 1). One sociological factor that influences product positioning is consumption habits. In many countries, people like to eat out only on extraordinary circumstances. In Africa, for example, people meet and eat at home to share their experienc es during the day. However, due to globalization, growth of cities and increase in full time employment opportunities, the trends have changed. The growth of cities has promoted the need for fast food restaurants. However, consumption behaviour in Africa is different from that of western societies. Hence, McDonald’s had to develop new products and services for the African market. The strategy positioned its products before those of its competitors. Many African countries are used to the restaurant environment and not the streamlined structure of fast food businesses. Additionally, consumption pattern in many African countries involve breakfast, lunch and supper. Lunch and supper involve consumption of meals that provide appropriate nutritional balance. Breakfast is normally based on a household’s culture. McDonald’s had to develop a strategy that considered these factors. The strategy has helped the company to position its products appropriately within the Afric an market (Amoako-Agyei 1). Product positioning is also influenced by international promotion and export management factors. Valuation of food in monetary terms is a sensitive matter in some of the countries in which McDonald’s operates. McDonald’s had to adopt a strategy that focused on the ability of customers to pay. Normally, the strategy of McDonald’s is to enhance sales volume. It normally provides its products and services at prices that are considered affordable. However, many people perceive the prices that it offers as high. Therefore, it has targeted certain sections of the populations with its products in international markets. For example, in India and Africa, it targets the wealthy and the upper middle class people with its products. These people have the ability to pay for products offered by the company (Amoako-Agyei 1). Moreover, it targets people who have been exposed to western culture. It also operates in principal cities only in India and Af rica. People in semi urban areas are not able to afford the set prices. This strategy has helped the company to position its products appropriately within international markets. The strategy has ensured that the company operates in urban areas where there is continuous growth in disposable incomes. This has enabled the company to maintain leadership in the fast food industry. Hypothetical Strategies There exist hypothetical strategies that the company can use to tackle the challenges identified. The company can determine an appropriate promotion strategy that can assist it to position its products in the international markets. It must identify the objectives of a promotion strategy that it can use. Objectives express the goals that a company hopes to achieve through a promotion strategy. Objectives also direct the promotion plans adopted by a company and are vital in the assessment of the strategy used. Objectives can focus on acquisition of market share or improvement of sales volu me and so on. The company has to identify its long term and short-term objectives to position its products. Notably, the long-term objectives can be divided into short-term objectives. Hence, in India, the long-term objective can be to increase sales while the short-term objective can be to introduce the products in the market. On the other hand, the short-term objective in Africa can be to change consumption patterns while the long-term objectives can be to increase sales (Mueller 29). The second step is to define the methods that can be used to achieve the objectives formulated. In this hypothetical strategy, a promotion mix can be used. McDonald’s has to offer products that clients want. The company has to ensure that there are numerous choices for its potential clients. It must also be ready to change products regularly to ensure that clients are satisfied. Hence, in a market like India where people do not eat beef, the company can develop numerous alternatives to product s that already exist. However, it has to ensure that it does not interfere with the sales growth of a product that customers already know. Thus, it is essential for the company to monitor the life cycle of a product that it has developed for each market. Additionally, the company has to use adverts to position its new products within the international markets. The promotion mix that the company can use also has to consider prices of products sold. The company has to consider the psychological aspects associated with prices of products. It must consider the perception of customers about the prices that it charges for products sold in the restaurants. Hence, the company should charge relatively uniform prices in all markets even though some customers may feel that they are high. Low prices may make certain sections of the markets feel that the quality of the products is low. Thus, the company must protect the image and integrity of McDonald’s brand in its price strategy. Low pr ices may also make competitors like KFC match with the costs of McDonald’s. This may not result into an increase in demand for products offered by the company. Hence, price reduction is not an effective strategy that McDonald’s can use to improve the position of its products within different markets. Promotion mix that the company can use should include all communication methods. Adverts are the most effective method that the company can use to tackle sociological and psychological issues that affect a product’s position. The company can use radio and television adverts to promote the products that it sells. The company can then use adverts and other promotion methods like displays at the point of trade and fidelity schemes. McDonald’s can develop a communication strategy that involves different promotion methods. This can assist the company to tackle the challenges posed by sociological and psychological factors associated with different markets. For exa mple, television adverts can inform Indian clients that the hamburgers sold at McDonald’s do not contain beef. On the other hand, newspaper adverts can provide the same Indian customers with more details about the hamburgers. Additionally, it is essential that the messages provided by the different promotion methods complement each other. Any contradictions may confuse the customer and affect the position of products sold by the company. The promotions that the company adopts must also catch the attention of the customers. The adverts must ensure that psychological, sociological and other issues are tacked. The adverts must inform potential clients the benefits that the company provides. For example, it can inform customers that the fast process system saves their time. It saves their time so they can be punctual at their work places. This can make customers who prefer to go home at lunchtimes reconsider their actions. Finally, the company has to use layouts that are efficien t and that make customers comfortable. The place of operation is vital in the promotion of a product. The place of operation has to consider many features other than the layout and points of distribution. McDonald’s must consider social aspects that are essential to some communities. For example, some communities like to eat together. On the other hand, McDonald’s like a system that is fast and efficient. Hence, in such communities, the company can adopt a layout that considers the sociological needs of clients and at the same time ensures speed and efficiency in service delivery. The area of operation also has to consider the ease in management of all the activities that take place within the restaurants. Implementation Procedures The first step is to conduct a market research. This can assist the company to identify the potential customers, their ability to pay and their characteristics. Additionally, the company can determine psychological, economic and sociological aspects of the markets that can affect the position of the products that it offers. Secondly, the company can determine the best market entry method. The company can identify the best method based on the features and beliefs of the potential customers. It can develop and promote products that meet the needs and features of the customers. The company can then develop promotion methods that explain to the customers why the products suit them (Doole and Lowe 8). In this way, the company will tackle issues that it identified through market research. The promotion strategies used must also ensure that the international brand of the company is not compromised by the modifications made on the products offered to the customers of a region. Expected Results The implementation of the hypothetical strategies described should assist the company increase the volume of sales. The strategies can assist the company to shape the minds of clients and at the same time meet their needs. The strategies can enable the company to maintain international standards in promotion and export and tackle sociological and psychological issues associated with different international markets. The strategies can also enable the company to develop new versions of products that it normally sells (Doole and Lowe 8). The new versions can suit the needs of different segments of the international markets. Finally, the strategies can assist the company to maintain leadership in the fast food sector. This can be achieved since the strategies can assist the company position all its products appropriately within the different markets in which it has business operations. Conclusions The goal of this paper was to determine ways through which McDonald’s could position its products within international markets. It examined ways through which the company could do so by identification of effective strategies. It considered international promotion and export, psychological and sociological issues that c an affect the position of products offered by the company. It then provided different examples in Africa and India and provided strategies that could be applied to solve the problems posed. Additionally, this paper provided hypothesized strategies that can be used to improve the position of products offered by McDonald’s. It discussed promotion strategies that the company can employ to tackle the challenges posed by the different markets. It also discussed the advantages that can be realized through implementation of the strategies. Finally, it provided a brief procedure that can be used to implement the hypothesized strategies and the expected outcomes of the plans. Works Cited Amoako-Agyei, Erika, Egypt’s McArabia: How McDonald’s and other global firms integrate into African markets. 2011. Web. Doole, Isobel, and Lowe, R. International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation, London: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Misra, Sanjay, and Yadav, P. International Business: Text and Cases, New Delhi: PHI learning, 2009. Print. Mueller, Barbara. Dynamics of International Advertising: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives, New York: Peter Lang, 2011. Print. The Times 100, The marketing process: A McDonald’s Restaurants case study. 2012. Web. Tiffany, Hsu, Vegetarian McDonald’s: Its first non-meat restaurant to open in India. 2012. Web. This research paper on McDonald’s Restaurant was written and submitted by user Chr0n0mancer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Chinas Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors

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Walmart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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The role of the state in industrialization Essay

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